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Line 57: − − ==Environment and nurture== − [[Image:325979 dna150.jpg|thumbnail|150px|left|[[Columbia University]] [[psychiatry]] professors Drs. William Byrne and Bruce Parsons stated: "There is no evidence that at present to substantiate a [[biology|biological]] theory. [T]he appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from dissatisfaction with the present status of [[psychosocial]] explanations than from a substantiating body of [[Experimental science|experimental]] data".<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/images/content/bornorbred.pdf</ref>]] − − That homosexuality is affected by environment and nurture has been the historical secular position. − − In his 1980 work ''Overcoming Homosexuality'', Robert Kronemeyer writes: "With rare exceptions, homosexuality is neither inherited nor the result of some glandular disturbance or the scrambling of genes or chromosomes. Homosexuals are made, not born 'that way.' I firmly believe that homosexuality is a learned response to early painful experiences and that it can be unlearned. For those homosexuals who are unhappy with their life and find effective therapy, it is 'curable.'<ref>Robert Kronemeyer, ''Overcoming Homosexuality'', p. 7 (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980)</ref> − − Similarly, in a 1989 ''[[USA Today]]'' article, [[San Francisco]] State University professor of psychology John DeCecco, and the former editor of the 25-volume, ''Journal of Homosexuality'', stated, "The idea that people are born into one type of sexual behavior is entirely foolish". Homosexuality is "a behavior, not a condition," and something that some people can and do change, just like they sometimes change other tastes and personality traits."<ref>Kim Painter, ''A Biological Theory for Sexual Preference'', USA Today, 1 January 1989, p. 4D</ref> − − ===Parental relationships with offspring=== − − The psychoanalytical theory is the historical position, which implicates a detached, rejecting or absent father, often along with a close bond to the mother, as working, on the conscious and unconscious level, against a secure sexual identity. Also contributing to this can be a so called [[Emotional Incest Syndrome]], for example when a mother who has animosity toward the father, or men in general, and who works to present him negatively, and to make the child side with her. − − One of the earliest studies supporting this position was that of Irving Bieber and associates.<ref>Bieber, ''Homsexuality: A psychoanalytical study of male homosexuality'' (1962)</ref> Comparison of 106 homosexuals with 100 male heterosexuals showed that mothers of the former had enmeshed seductive type relationships with their sons, while their fathers were detached, distant or rejecting. This study was contested by some who charged the researchers with bias, but a further study by Ray B. Evans, which also compared homosexuals with heterosexuals, reported similar results, this time among self-identified homosexuals who had never sought treatment.<ref>Ray b. Evans, "Childhood parental relationships of homosexual men", ''Journal of Consulting and clinical psychology'', 33. (1969), pp. 129-33.</ref> − − Based upon his work with 200 male homosexuals, Gerard van den Aardweg stated that 79 percent described their mother as "overanxious", or "overconcerned" about them; their safety, health, and being overly sentimental when they met with some hardship, as well as manifesting other aspects of over-mothering. In addition, in 71 percent of homosexual cases, "the most important factor was the father's detachedness or nonparticipation in the son's upbringing. The fathers of 38 percent of the men were so hypercritical that the sons were made to feel either rejected and/or inferior.<ref>Gerard van den Aardweg, ''on the origins and treatment of homosexuality'' (1985), pp.184-85.</ref> − − Another study of about 1500 homosexuals showed much less influence by the mother, while far more reported an unaffectionate or detached father, and approximately half of homosexuals reported they had negative feelings toward their fathers, versus 29 percent of heterosexuals.<ref>Bell, Weinberg, Hammersmith, ''Sexual preference: Its development in men and women'' (1981).</ref> − − While these factors are conducive to homosexuality, it should be stressed that these do not ensure that children raised this way will become homosexual, nor are these factors alone in influencing it. − − ===Sexual abuse=== − − Childhood sexual abuse is well attested to demonstrate a correlation to the incidence of homosexuality among those affected by it. A large national survey of almost 35,000 Americans showed that more than three times as many men and women who had been sexually abused as children became homosexuals, versus that of heterosexuals.<ref>7.4 percent or homosexual men and 3.1 percent of females, versus 2.0 percent of heterosexual men and 0.8 percent women.</ref><ref>Laumann, Gagnon, Michael, and Michaels, ''The social organization of homosexuality:...'', (1994) p. 344</ref> Another study reported that 58 percent of male adolescents who later became homosexuals suffered sexual abuse as children, while 90 percent who did not suffer sexual abuse identified themselves as heterosexuals.<ref>Sheir and Johnson, ''Sexual victimization of boys:... (1988) pp. 1189-93</ref> In addition, 43 percent of male homosexuals reported sexual activity with another male during the ages of 10-12, versus 9 percent of heterosexuals.<ref>Manosevitz, "Early sexual behavior in adult homosexual and heterosexual males", ''Journal of abnormal psychology'', 76 (1970), 396-402.</ref> − − ===Educational indoctrination=== − As part of the liberal ideology in modern [[education]], and as a result of psychological tactics used by homosexual [[activist]]s, schools have increasingly fostered the promotion of homosexuality, whether as part of official policy through homosexual activists working with or in schools. As a form of indoctrination which begins at the kindergarten level, homosexuality is deceptively treated as "healthy" and "normal", with students at very impressionable ages sometimes being influenced to experiment with homosexual behavior. This is often done under the rubric of [[HIV]] instruction of preventing [[suicide]] by homosexuals, and preventing "[[homophobia]]".<ref>[http://www.cwfa.org/articledisplay.asp?id=12546&department=MEDIA&categoryid=family CWA: School Tells Kids to Hide Pro-‘Gay’ Propaganda From Parents], Concerned Women for America, 3/13/2007</ref><ref>[http://www.missionamerica.com/agenda.php Fighting the Gay Agenda in Schools Articles], Mission America</ref><ref>[http://www.chroniclewatch.com/2009/06/17/indoctrination-of-youth/ Roberto Santiago, The Indoctrination of our Youth],The Chronicle Watch, June 17, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.missionamerica.com/oldagenda26.php GLSEN, Corruption and Crime], Mission America</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=127050 'Hate' laws could label 5-year-olds 'offenders'] WorldNetDaily, March 05, 2010</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=126233 'Czar' sees transgender school goals in reach], WorldNetDaily, February 25, 2010</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=54683 District gags 14-year-olds after 'gay' indoctrination], WorldNetDaily, March 13, 2007</ref> − − === Xenoestrogens and Xenoandrogens === − − Environmental chemicals, specifically sex steroids such as [[xenoestrogens]] and [[xenoandrogens]], change the brain's gender preference resulting in homosexuality in nature. According to Melissa Hines, "This article reviews the evidence regarding prenatal influences of gonadal steroids on human sexual orientation, as well as sex-typed childhood behaviors that predict subsequent sexual orientation. The evidence supports a role for prenatal testosterone exposure in the development of sex-typed interests in childhood, as well as in sexual orientation in later life, at least for some individuals... The empirical record generally supports this model for a wide range of brain regions and behaviors that differ on the average for male and female animals. For example, treating female rodents with testosterone early in life decreases their female-typical behavior in adulthood, and increases their male-typical behavior."<ref name=hines>{{cite journal |last=Hines |first=Melissa |last2= |first2= |date=2011-02-17 |title=Prenatal endocrine influences on sexual orientation and on sexually differentiated childhood behavior |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296090/ |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=170–182 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.006 |pmid=21333673}}</ref> − − These chemicals are produced in quantities of billions of kg. per year, and are used prominently in cosmetics and pesticides such as [[diethylstilbestrol]] (DES) and [[DDT]] while appearing also in food and dust particles. When in the form of [[phthalate]]s they can be widely used in plastics including children's toys, food and drink containers, and medical devices.<ref name=intersect>{{cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Bernard |last2= |first2= |date=2013-12-01 |title=The Intersection of Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Disruption |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3458140/ |journal=Neurotoxicology |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1410–1419 |doi=10.1016/j.neuro.2012.05.014 |pmid=22659293}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=He |first=Zhen |last2=Ferguson |first2=Sherry Ann |last3=Cui |first3=Li |last4=Greenfield |first4=Lazar John |last5=Paul3 |first5=Merle Gale |date=2013-10-15 |title=Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145994/ |journal=Neural Regen Res. |volume=8 |issue=29 |pages=2763–2774 |doi= |pmid=25206587}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Svechnikov |first=Konstantin |last2=Stukenborg |first2=Jan-Bernd |last3=Savchuck |first3=Iuliia |last4=Söder |first4=Olle |date=2014 |title=Similar causes of various reproductive disorders in early life |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901882/ |journal=Asian Journal of Andrology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=50–59 |doi=10.4103/1008-682X.122199 |pmid=24369133 }}</ref> Xenoestrogens and xenoandrogens alter the brain's [[sexual differentiation]] in a number of species, including rams, ferrets, zebra finches,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Roselli |first=C.E. |last2=Stormshak |first2=F. |date=2009 |title=Prenatal Programming of Sexual Partner Preference |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668810/ |journal=J. Neuroendocrinol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=359–364 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01828.x |pmid=19207819}}</ref> gulls, primates,<ref name=intersect/> and rodents,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Matsuda |first=Ken Ichi |last2= |first2= |date=2014-10-28 |title=Epigenetic changes in the estrogen receptor α gene promoter: implications in sociosexual behaviors |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211403/ |journal=Front Neurosci |volume=8 |issue=344 |pages= |doi=10.3389/fnins.2014.00344 |pmid=25389384}}</ref> resulting in the masculinization of female brains/behavior (e.g. 'lesbian gulls') and feminization of male brains/behavior.<ref name=intersect/> − − According to Bernard Weiss, "disagreements arise partly from arguments about the roots of homosexuality, and about questions of gender identity and others that at one time would have seemed quite remote from neurotoxicology." Due to concern over environmental health risks including cancer, thinning of bald eagle eggshells, and reduced species reproduction, [[endocrine disruption]] was the primary theme of the 27th International Neurotoxicology Conference.<ref name=intersect/>
Causes of Homosexuality (view source)
Revision as of 17:19, August 28, 2019
, 17:19, August 28, 2019Fixed errors
Despite many psychological studies which indicate that the parent-child relationship, early childhood development, early homosexual experiences, and childhood abuse foster homosexuality, liberals tend to reject the environmental aspect, and favor a biological influence.<ref>David G. Myers, ''A level of explanations view'', Psychology of Christianity: four views. pp. 54-83</ref> This is then used to render homosexuals to be slaves to genes, and justified in acting it out.
Despite many psychological studies which indicate that the parent-child relationship, early childhood development, early homosexual experiences, and childhood abuse foster homosexuality, liberals tend to reject the environmental aspect, and favor a biological influence.<ref>David G. Myers, ''A level of explanations view'', Psychology of Christianity: four views. pp. 54-83</ref> This is then used to render homosexuals to be slaves to genes, and justified in acting it out.
==Biological research on the causes of homosexuality ==
==Biological research on the causes of homosexuality ==
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