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Their position is not only opposed by [[apostolic tradition]] but also by all [[Exegesis|biblical exegetes]] and [[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|textual critics]] who point out that the Hebrew/Aramiac Old Testament and Greek New Testament manuscripts do not witness to annihilation of the wicked, but to their ruin instead, a ruin from which they cannot recover. For example,  

Their position is not only opposed by [[apostolic tradition]] but also by all [[Exegesis|biblical exegetes]] and [[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|textual critics]] who point out that the Hebrew/Aramiac Old Testament and Greek New Testament manuscripts do not witness to annihilation of the wicked, but to their ruin instead, a ruin from which they cannot recover. For example,  

*in the Old Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+145%3A20&version=KJV "all the wicked will he destroy (desolate שמד)" Psalm 145:20 '''שמד''' ''shamad''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/8045.htm Strong's number ''8045''. '''שמד''' ''shamad'' to desolate, bring to nought, overthrow, consume.

*in the Old Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+145%3A20&version=KJV "all the wicked will he destroy (desolate שמד)" Psalm 145:20 '''שמד''' ''shamad''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/8045.htm Strong's number ''8045''. '''שמד''' ''shamad'' to desolate, bring to nought, overthrow, consume.]

*in the New Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1%3A9&version=KJV "destruction (ruin ὄλεθρον)" 2&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9] '''ὄλεθρον''' ''olethron''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/greek/3639.htm Strong's number ''3639''. '''ὄλεθρος''' ''olethros'' ruin, doom, destruction, death.]<br>ólethros ("ruination") does not imply "extinction" (annihilation). It emphasizes the consequent loss that goes with complete "undoing." See [[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_thessalonians/1-9.htm multiple commentaries on 1&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9]

*in the New Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1%3A9&version=KJV "destruction (ruin ὄλεθρον)" 2&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9] '''ὄλεθρον''' ''olethron''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/greek/3639.htm Strong's number ''3639''. '''ὄλεθρος''' ''olethros'' ruin, doom, destruction, death.]<br>ólethros ("ruination") does not imply "extinction" (annihilation). It emphasizes the consequent loss that goes with complete "undoing." See [[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_thessalonians/1-9.htm multiple commentaries on 1&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9]

Ezekiel 18:20-32 clearly says "the soul that sinneth, it shall die (מות)" and also says that iniquity is "ruin" (מכשול), not annihilation. This "die (מות)" is the same word in Genesis 2:17 "in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die (מות)."<ref>See Strong's numbers [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4191.htm 4191] and [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4383.htm 4383].</ref>

Ezekiel 18:20-32 clearly says "the soul that sinneth, it shall die (מות)" and also says that iniquity is "ruin" (מכשול), not annihilation. This "die (מות)" is the same word in Genesis 2:17 "in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die (מות)."<ref>See Strong's numbers [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4191.htm 4191] and [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4383.htm 4383].</ref>