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Line 1: + − The '''Roman Empire''' marks the period when government control in [[Rome]] went from a Republican form of government to rule by an emperor. The appointment of [[Augustus Caesar]] as ruler in 27 BC has been used as the starting date for the Roman Empire, although, alternately, the appointment of [[Julius Caesar]] as perpetual dictator in 46 BC is sometimes considered as a short-lived precursor. The Roman Empire was the direct successor to the [[Roman Republic]] which had already established Rome as the dominant force in the west. Because of this succession, there is no definitive date when the [[Roman Republic]] became the Roman Empire. Indeed, in the early years of Augustus' reign, it was unclear that a permanent change had taken place, although this was apparent by the end of his long reign. Utilizing the rule of law and a strong military, the Roman Empire ruled most of the western civilized world. While the general goal of the Empire as put forth by Augustus became keeping the status quo instead of adding new territory, there were still some changes and continuing growth. Britain was added in 43 AD as well as other small conquests until the empire reached its height in about 117 AD. − Line 14:
Line 13: − [[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|Augustus Caesar, the first emperor of the Roman Empire.]] − +
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[[File:Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png|thumb|The Roman Empire at the death of [[Trajan]] in 117 A.D.<ref>Bennett, J. ''Trajan: Optimus Princeps''. 1997. Fig. 1. Regions east of the [[Euphrates]] river were held only in the years 116–117.</ref> The pink shaded areas denote vassals.]]
[[File:Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png|thumb|The Roman Empire at the death of [[Trajan]] in 117 A.D.<ref>Bennett, J. ''Trajan: Optimus Princeps''. 1997. Fig. 1. Regions east of the [[Euphrates]] river were held only in the years 116–117.</ref> The pink shaded areas denote vassals.]]
The '''Roman Empire''' marks the period when government control in [[Rome]] went from a Republican form of government to rule by an emperor. The appointment of [[Augustus Caesar]] as ruler in 27 BC has been used as the starting date for the Roman Empire, although, alternately, the appointment of [[Julius Caesar]] as perpetual dictator in 46 BC is sometimes considered as a short-lived precursor. The Roman Empire was the direct successor to the [[Roman Republic]] which had already established Rome as the dominant force in the west. Because of this succession, there is no definitive date when the [[Roman Republic]] became the Roman Empire. Indeed, in the early years of Augustus' reign, it was unclear that a permanent change had taken place, although this was apparent by the end of his long reign. Utilizing the rule of law and a strong military, the Roman Empire ruled most of the western civilized world. While the general goal of the Empire as put forth by Augustus became keeping the status quo instead of adding new territory, there were still some changes and continuing growth. Britain was added in 43 AD as well as other small conquests until the empire reached its height in about 117 AD.
{{Rome}}
{{Rome}}
Rome may be credited with creating the virtue of [[civic republicanism]]: that a citizen should give his life in battle or in work to the glory of the Republic.
Rome may be credited with creating the virtue of [[civic republicanism]]: that a citizen should give his life in battle or in work to the glory of the Republic.
==List of Roman Emperors==
==List of Roman Emperors==
Augustus was the first Emperor, leading a stable and peaceful Empire. He cut the size of the military and reorganized it so the Empire would have about 300,000 men under arms, basically manning the borders, and extremely mobile. He decided against expanding the Empire after the [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]] in 9 AD and the loss the Romans incurred believing there was little to gain in spending great amounts of money and resources to conquer barbarians that could provide little in return. His successors agreed with his policies, although they did from time to time make small expansions to the borders. He undertook building projects and road construction that led to great improvements.
Augustus was the first Emperor, leading a stable and peaceful Empire. He cut the size of the military and reorganized it so the Empire would have about 300,000 men under arms, basically manning the borders, and extremely mobile. He decided against expanding the Empire after the [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]] in 9 AD and the loss the Romans incurred believing there was little to gain in spending great amounts of money and resources to conquer barbarians that could provide little in return. His successors agreed with his policies, although they did from time to time make small expansions to the borders. He undertook building projects and road construction that led to great improvements.
[[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|right|Augustus Caesar, the first emperor of the Roman Empire.]]
* [[Augustus]] (Octavianus) ''(27 BC - 14 AD)''
* [[Augustus]] (Octavianus) ''(27 BC - 14 AD)''
* [[Tiberius]] ''(14-37)''
* [[Tiberius]] ''(14-37)''