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The '''Dirty War''' in Argentina, from 1976-1983, was a seven-year  dictatorship and counterinsurgency campaign waged by the Argentinian military junta against left-wing guerrillas and supporting civilians. Tens of thousands of Argentinian nationals, both guerrillas and sympathizers among the civilian population, were abducted by military task groups and supporting volunteer civilian [[Triple A]] military death squads often in the middle of the night. They were taken to secret government detention centers where they were eventually released or killed. These people (including survivors from the detention camps) are known as internationally as ''"los desaparecidos"'' or ''detenidos-desaparecidos'' ("the disappeared" or "detained disappeared"). In 2003, The National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons claimed the true number of disappeared to be around 13,000.<ref>[https://www.clarin.com/ediciones-anteriores/duda-historica-sabe-desaparecidos_0_B1FG1JglCKl.html  Una duda histórica: no se sabe cuántos son los desaparecidos]</ref>

The '''Dirty War''' in Argentina, from 1976–1983, was a seven-year  dictatorship and counterinsurgency campaign waged by the Argentinian military junta against left-wing guerrillas and supporting civilians. Tens of thousands of Argentinian nationals, both guerrillas and sympathizers among the civilian population, were abducted by military task groups and supporting volunteer civilian [[Triple A]] military death squads often in the middle of the night. They were taken to secret government detention centers where they were eventually released or killed. These people (including survivors from the detention camps) are known as internationally as ''"los desaparecidos"'' or ''detenidos-desaparecidos'' ("the disappeared" or "detained disappeared"). In 2003, The National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons claimed the true number of disappeared to be around 13,000.<ref>[https://www.clarin.com/ediciones-anteriores/duda-historica-sabe-desaparecidos_0_B1FG1JglCKl.html  Una duda histórica: no se sabe cuántos son los desaparecidos]</ref>

The [[Mainstream media]] often cites the Chilean Secret Police (DINA) report on the estimate by the Argentinian Army's 601st Intelligence Battalion (''Batallón de Inteligencia 601'') of 22,000 disappeared between 1975 and mid-1978, implying they were all killed. However, it was later established that during this period at least 12,000 "disappeared" were in fact detainees held under National Executive Power (''Poder Ejecutivo Nacional'' or PEN), and kept in detention camps throughout Argentina before eventually being freed under diplomatic pressure.<ref>''"Durante la vigencia del estado de sitio entre noviembre de 1974 y octubre de 1983, los organismos de derechos humanos denunciaron la existencia de 12 mil presos politicos legales en las distintas cárceles de 'maxima seguridad' a lo largo de todo el territorio de Argentina."'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20130905061527/http://elortiba.org/pdf/Memoria-de-ex-presas-y-presos-politicos.pdf]</ref>

The [[Mainstream media]] often cites the Chilean Secret Police (DINA) report on the estimate by the Argentinian Army's 601st Intelligence Battalion (''Batallón de Inteligencia 601'') of 22,000 disappeared between 1975 and mid-1978, implying they were all killed. However, it was later established that during this period at least 12,000 "disappeared" were in fact detainees held under National Executive Power (''Poder Ejecutivo Nacional'' or PEN), and kept in detention camps throughout Argentina before eventually being freed under diplomatic pressure.<ref>''"Durante la vigencia del estado de sitio entre noviembre de 1974 y octubre de 1983, los organismos de derechos humanos denunciaron la existencia de 12 mil presos politicos legales en las distintas cárceles de 'maxima seguridad' a lo largo de todo el territorio de Argentina."'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20130905061527/http://elortiba.org/pdf/Memoria-de-ex-presas-y-presos-politicos.pdf]</ref>

==Revolutionaries==

==Revolutionaries==

Argentina experienced three failed attempts at rural guerrilla warfare between 1959 and 1969. At that point, the insurgents decided in favor of urban guerilla warfare. [[Jorge Ricardo Masetti]], leader of the  ''Ejército Guerrillero del Pueblo'' (People's Guerrilla Army or EGP), which had infiltrated into Salta Province from Bolivia in 1964, is considered by some as Argentina's first "disappeared", as he went missing after the party militants' defeat in clashes with the Argentine gendarmerie.<ref>[https://latinta.com.ar/2018/05/jorge-masetti-guerrilla-desaparecido/ Masetti, el primer desaparecido]</ref>It seemed obvious that they would be safer and more relevant in crowded cities than in isolated rural areas.

Argentina experienced three failed attempts at rural guerrilla warfare between 1959 and 1969. At that point, the insurgents decided in favor of urban guerilla warfare. [[Jorge Ricardo Masetti]], leader of the  ''Ejército Guerrillero del Pueblo'' (People's Guerrilla Army or EGP), which had infiltrated into Salta Province from Bolivia in 1964, is considered by some as Argentina's first "disappeared", as he went missing after the party militants' defeat in clashes with the Argentine gendarmerie.<ref>[https://latinta.com.ar/2018/05/jorge-masetti-guerrilla-desaparecido/ Masetti, el primer desaparecido]</ref> It seemed obvious that they would be safer and more relevant in crowded cities than in isolated rural areas.

Prior to 1973 the major revolutionary groups were the Peronist Armed Forces (''Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas'' or FAP), the Marxist–Leninist-Peronist Revolutionary Armed Forces (''Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias'' or FAR), and the Marxist–Leninist Armed Forces of Liberation (''Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación'' or FAL). The FAL guerrillas raided Campo de Mayo in April 1969 and stole 100 assault rifles from the elite 1st ''Patricios'' Infantry Regiment.<ref>Los 70, Violencia en la Argentina. p. 119. Ejército Argentino. (Círculo militar, 2001)</ref>

Prior to 1973 the major revolutionary groups were the Peronist Armed Forces (''Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas'' or FAP), the Marxist–Leninist-Peronist Revolutionary Armed Forces (''Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias'' or FAR), and the Marxist–Leninist Armed Forces of Liberation (''Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación'' or FAL). The FAL guerrillas raided Campo de Mayo in April 1969 and stole 100 assault rifles from the elite 1st ''Patricios'' Infantry Regiment.<ref>Los 70, Violencia en la Argentina. p. 119. Ejército Argentino. (Círculo militar, 2001)</ref>

The leftist militants bombed and destroyed numerous buildings in the 1970s in its campaign against the civilian and military authorities; these belonged chiefly to police and military hierarchies. But a number of civilian and non-governmental buildings were targeted as well, such as the Sheraton Hotel in downtown Buenos Aires, which was bombed in 1972 (killing a Canadian woman, Lois Crozier and injuring her husband Gerry Crozier)<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z94QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7258,1915009&dq=&hl=en Peronists blamed in Hotel bombing]</ref> and the bombing of a crowded theatre in downtown Buenos Aires in 1975.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wuQeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0EYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2828,4751834&dq=&hl=en Isabel Peron cleared of charge]</ref> In November 1971, in solidarity with striking workers, Montoneros guerrillas seized an Italian car plant in Caseros and set alight and destroyed with gasoline several Fiat 38 vehicles.<ref>The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Gabriela Nouzeilles, Graciela Montaldo, p. 382, Duke University Press, 2002</ref> In 1971, the leftist guerrillas killed 57 policemen, and in 1972, despite a heightened alert, the ''guerrilleros'' managed to kill another 38 policemen.<ref>Guerrillas and Generals: The Dirty War in Argentina, Paul H. Lewis, p. 53, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002</ref>  

The leftist militants bombed and destroyed numerous buildings in the 1970s in its campaign against the civilian and military authorities; these belonged chiefly to police and military hierarchies. But a number of civilian and non-governmental buildings were targeted as well, such as the Sheraton Hotel in downtown Buenos Aires, which was bombed in 1972 (killing a Canadian woman, Lois Crozier and injuring her husband Gerry Crozier)<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z94QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7258,1915009&dq=&hl=en Peronists blamed in Hotel bombing]</ref> and the bombing of a crowded theatre in downtown Buenos Aires in 1975.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wuQeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0EYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2828,4751834&dq=&hl=en Isabel Peron cleared of charge]</ref> In November 1971, in solidarity with striking workers, Montoneros guerrillas seized an Italian car plant in Caseros and set alight and destroyed with gasoline several Fiat 38 vehicles.<ref>The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Gabriela Nouzeilles, Graciela Montaldo, p. 382, Duke University Press, 2002</ref> In 1971, the leftist guerrillas killed 57 policemen, and in 1972, despite a heightened alert, the ''guerrilleros'' managed to kill another 38 policemen.<ref>Guerrillas and Generals: The Dirty War in Argentina, Paul H. Lewis, p. 53, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002</ref>  

On February 4, 1972, police corporal Conrado Likay Faldi was shot dead in the Bernal suburb of Buenos Aires.<ref>[https://adtomator.com/2014/07/07/los-terroristas-desaparecidos-no-merecen-ser-simbolo-patrio-por-nicolas-marquez/ Los terroristas “desaparecidos” no merecen ser símbolo patrio – Por Nicolás Márquez]</ref> On February 14, 1972, FAL guerrillas supporting urban operations in the Barrio Norte suburb of Buenos Aires, delivered a bomb concealed in a flower bouquet to the house of the ex-Justice Minister Jaime Perriaux, killing three policemen (Roque Russo, Rómulo Salvatierra and Néstor Godoy) and mortally wounding another (Oscar Raúl Pereda) of an anti-explosives unit, and wounding eleven others, including neighbors.<ref>Alétheia, Zacharkow de Marquart, Emilce E., Martinez & Maria Angelica, p. 79, Editorial Dunken, 2014</ref> In July 1972 a bomb planted by Montoneros activists in Plaza de San Isidro in Buenos Aires, wounded three policemen and blinded a fireman (Carlos Adrián Ayala) who died of his injuries in hospital.<ref>In Memoriam, Volume 2, p. 398, El Círculo, 1998</ref> On December 28, 1972, Marine Private Julio César Provenzano, operating on behalf of the ERP guerrillas, is killed while plating a bomb in the men's room of the Argentinian Navy Headquarters.12 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1976

On February 4, 1972, police corporal Conrado Likay Faldi was shot dead in the Bernal suburb of Buenos Aires.<ref>[https://adtomator.com/2014/07/07/los-terroristas-desaparecidos-no-merecen-ser-simbolo-patrio-por-nicolas-marquez/ Los terroristas “desaparecidos” no merecen ser símbolo patrio – Por Nicolás Márquez]</ref> On February 14, 1972, FAL guerrillas supporting urban operations in the Barrio Norte suburb of Buenos Aires, delivered a bomb concealed in a flower bouquet to the house of the ex-Justice Minister Jaime Perriaux, killing three policemen (Roque Russo, Rómulo Salvatierra and Néstor Godoy) and mortally wounding another (Oscar Raúl Pereda) of an anti-explosives unit, and wounding eleven others, including neighbors.<ref>Alétheia, Zacharkow de Marquart, Emilce E., Martinez & Maria Angelica, p. 79, Editorial Dunken, 2014</ref> In July 1972 a bomb planted by Montoneros activists in Plaza de San Isidro in Buenos Aires, wounded three policemen and blinded a fireman (Carlos Adrián Ayala) who died of his injuries in hospital.<ref>In Memoriam, Volume 2, p. 398, El Círculo, 1998</ref> On December 28, 1972, Marine Private Julio César Provenzano, operating on behalf of the ERP guerrillas, is killed while plating a bomb in the men's room of the Argentinian Navy Headquarters.<ref>12 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1976

UNA "TRAVESURA" DE LOS

UNA "TRAVESURA" DE LOS

JÓVENES IDEALISTAS [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19730331&id=MGo0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=8QkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4256,7005410 Argentine Navy headquarters hit]</ref>

JÓVENES IDEALISTAS [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19730331&id=MGo0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=8QkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4256,7005410 Argentine Navy headquarters hit]</ref>