Changes

| deathnumber  =264,000 Greek civilians<br/>60,000–250,000 Armenian civilians<br/>Thousands of Ottomans supporting the legal Constantinople government

| deathnumber  =264,000 Greek civilians<br/>60,000–250,000 Armenian civilians<br/>Thousands of Ottomans supporting the legal Constantinople government

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'''Mustafa Kemal''', after 1934 '''Kemal Atatürk'''<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_814_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1934]</ref> (or alternatively written as '''Kamâl Atatürk'''<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_815_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1935]</ref>; 1881 – 1938) was a Turkish military commander of the Ottoman Army during [[World War I]] and the founding father of the Turkish [[nation state]]. After the defeat of the [[Central Powers]] in World War I, he started a [[Nationalism|nationalist]] revolt against the legal Ottoman Imperial Government in [[Constantinople]] and the authorized Allied Powers. In this rebellion, he got stronger with support from other Ottoman army officers, politicians, and the people. He won his war against Constantinople and the Allies, then founded the Republic of [[Turkey]]. He inspired [[Adolf Hitler]] with these actions.<ref>In his [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_Address_to_the_Reichstag_(4_May_1941) address to the Reichstag on May 4, 1941], [[Adolf Hitler]] said: {{cquote|"Turkey had been our ally in the [[World War I|World War]]. Its unfortunate result was as heavy a burden for Turkey as it was for us. The great and ingenious reconstructor of the new Turkey gave his Allies, beaten by fate, the first example of resurrection. While Turkey, thanks to the realistic attitude of her State leadership, preserved her independent attitude Yugoslavia fell a victim to British intrigues."}}</ref>

'''Mustafa Kemal''', after 1934 '''Kemal Atatürk'''<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_814_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1934]</ref> (or alternatively written as '''Kamâl Atatürk'''<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_815_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1935]</ref>; 1881 – 1938), was a Turkish military commander of the Ottoman Army during [[World War I]] and the founding father of the Turkish [[nation state]]. After the defeat of the [[Central Powers]] in World War I, he started a [[Nationalism|nationalist]] revolt against the legal Ottoman Imperial Government in [[Constantinople]] and the authorized Allied Powers. In this rebellion, he got stronger with support from other Ottoman army officers, politicians, and the people. He won his war against Constantinople and the Allies, then founded the Republic of [[Turkey]]. He inspired [[Adolf Hitler]] with these actions.<ref>In his [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_Address_to_the_Reichstag_(4_May_1941) address to the Reichstag on May 4, 1941], [[Adolf Hitler]] said: {{cquote|"Turkey had been our ally in the [[World War I|World War]]. Its unfortunate result was as heavy a burden for Turkey as it was for us. The great and ingenious reconstructor of the new Turkey gave his Allies, beaten by fate, the first example of resurrection. While Turkey, thanks to the realistic attitude of her State leadership, preserved her independent attitude Yugoslavia fell a victim to British intrigues."}}</ref>

==Biography==

==Biography==

[[Samuel P. Huntington]] defines "Kemalism" as a response to attempts at "reconciliation of [[Islam]] and [[Modernization|modernity]]", or to modernize Islam without Westernization.

[[Samuel P. Huntington]] defines "Kemalism" as a response to attempts at "reconciliation of [[Islam]] and [[Modernization|modernity]]", or to modernize Islam without Westernization.

Harold C. Armstrong, British officer who was captured by the Ottomans in World War I, described Atatürk as follows:

Harold C. Armstrong, British army officer who was captured by the Ottomans in World War I, described Atatürk as follows:

<blockquote>''He is a man born out of due season, an anachronism, a throw-back to the Tartars<!--sic--> of the Steppes<!--sic-->, a fierce elemental force of a man. Had he been born in the centuries when all Central Asia was on the move he would have ridden out with Sulyman Shah<!--sic--> under the banner of the Grey Wolf, and with the heart and instincts of a Grey Wolf. With his military genius, and his ruthless determination unweakened by sentiments, loyalties or moralities, he might well have been a [[Timur|Tamerlane<!--sic-->]] or a [[Genghis Khan|Jenghis Khan<!--sic-->]] riding at the head of great hordes of wild horsemen, conquering countries, devouring and destroying cities, and filling in the intervals of peace between campaigns with wild and hideous orgies of wine and women.'' [http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201032/page/n333/mode/2up ''Grey Wolf: Mustafa Kemal – An intimate study of a dictator'' (fifth cheap edition, July 1935), p. 333]</blockquote>

<blockquote>''He is a man born out of due season, an anachronism, a throw-back to the Tartars<!--sic--> of the Steppes<!--sic-->, a fierce elemental force of a man. Had he been born in the centuries when all Central Asia was on the move he would have ridden out with Sulyman Shah<!--sic--> under the banner of the Grey Wolf, and with the heart and instincts of a Grey Wolf. With his military genius, and his ruthless determination unweakened by sentiments, loyalties or moralities, he might well have been a [[Timur|Tamerlane<!--sic-->]] or a [[Genghis Khan|Jenghis Khan<!--sic-->]] riding at the head of great hordes of wild horsemen, conquering countries, devouring and destroying cities, and filling in the intervals of peace between campaigns with wild and hideous orgies of wine and women.'' [http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201032/page/n333/mode/2up ''Grey Wolf: Mustafa Kemal – An intimate study of a dictator'' (fifth cheap edition, July 1935), p. 333]</blockquote>