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→World War I (1914-1918): reword
By August 1918, the Allies had learned to counter Ludendorff's strategies and his offensive sputtered to a close. With American forces on the way, there would be no second chance. To spur them on, the soldiers had been told that Ludendorff's offensive would be decisive. That decision had gone against them. As the soldiers realized that victory was no longer possible, the front collapsed.
By August 1918, the Allies had learned to counter Ludendorff's strategies and his offensive sputtered to a close. With American forces on the way, there would be no second chance. To spur them on, the soldiers had been told that Ludendorff's offensive would be decisive. That decision had gone against them. As the soldiers realized that victory was no longer possible, the front collapsed.
On October 3, Wilhelm appointed Prince Maximilliam of Baden as chancellor. Prince Max offered to negotiate peace on the basis of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points. On October 24, he demanded that the kaiser dismiss Ludendroff.
On October 3, Wilhelm appointed Prince Maximilliam of Baden as chancellor. Prince Max offered to negotiate peace on the basis of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points. When Ludendorff objected on October 24, the prince demanded that the kaiser dismiss him.
On November 7, sailors in Kiel rejected an order to take the fleet on a final suicide mission. It was a signal for revolution across Germany. On November 9, the divisional commanders were summoned to Spa and asked about the attitudes of soldiers. They answered that few were willing fight on, either for the emperor or for Germany. Wilhelm called it the "betrayal at Spa" and refused to abdicate. He fled to The Netherlands later that day.<ref>Röhl, pp. 1184-1186.</ref> An armistice was signed on November 11.
On November 7, sailors in Kiel rejected an order to take the fleet on a final suicide mission. It was a signal for revolution across Germany. On November 9, the divisional commanders were summoned to Spa and asked about the attitudes of soldiers. They answered that few were willing fight on, either for the emperor or for Germany. Wilhelm called it the "betrayal at Spa" and refused to abdicate. He fled to The Netherlands later that day.<ref>Röhl, pp. 1184-1186.</ref> An armistice was signed on November 11.