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The last time that the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] invalidated a regulation based on nondelegation doctrine was in 1935, for lack of a necessary "intelligible principle" in two statutes.  One provided literally no guidance for the exercise of discretion, and the other conferred authority to regulate the entire economy on the basis of no more precise a standard than stimulating the economy by assuring "fair competition." ''See Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan'', 293 U.S. 388 (1935); ''[[A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States]]'', 295 U.S. 495 (1935).  See the discussion in ''Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass'ns'', 531 U.S. 457, 474 (2001).
 
The last time that the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] invalidated a regulation based on nondelegation doctrine was in 1935, for lack of a necessary "intelligible principle" in two statutes.  One provided literally no guidance for the exercise of discretion, and the other conferred authority to regulate the entire economy on the basis of no more precise a standard than stimulating the economy by assuring "fair competition." ''See Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan'', 293 U.S. 388 (1935); ''[[A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States]]'', 295 U.S. 495 (1935).  See the discussion in ''Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass'ns'', 531 U.S. 457, 474 (2001).
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The first statement of nondelegation doctrine by the Supreme Court was in ''Field v. Clark'', 143 U.S. 649, 692 (1892) ("That Congress cannot delegate legislative power to the President is a principle universally recognized as vital to the integrity and maintenance of the system of government ordained by the Constitution").  A later-reversed decision of a 2-1 panel of the [[Eighth Circuit]] held in favor of nondelegation doctrine in order to invalidate a federal statute in ''South Dakota v. U.S. Dep't of Interior'', 69 F.3d 878 (8th Cir. 1995), ''vacated and remanded'', 117 S. Ct. 286 (1996).
    
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