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Line 38: + + + + + + + − − Kuchel was born in Anaheim in Orange County, the home of [[Disneyland]]. His father, Henry, was a [[newspaper]] editor and the former Letitia Bailey. He received his undergraduate and law degrees from the [[University of Southern California]]. In 1937, he was elected to the California Assembly, a post he filled for a single term until 1941. He served in [[World War II]] in the [[United States Navy]] Reserve. He was the California state controller from 1946 until he entered the Senate in 1953. He became controller in 1946 under his mentor, liberal [[Governor]] [[Earl Warren]], and resigned as controller when Warren appointed him to succeed Nixon. Both Warren and Kuchel declined to support Nixon.
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'''Thomas Henry Kuchel''' (pronounced KEY KULL) (August 15, 1910 – November 21, 1994), was an [[attorney]] and a [[Moderate Republican]] [[United States Senator]] from his native [[California]].
'''Thomas Henry Kuchel''' (pronounced KEY KULL) (August 15, 1910 – November 21, 1994), was an [[attorney]] and a [[Moderate Republican]] [[United States Senator]] from his native [[California]].
==Early life, education, and military service==
Kuchel was born in Anaheim in Orange County, the home of [[Disneyland]]. His father, Henry, was a [[newspaper]] editor and the former Letitia Bailey. He received his undergraduate and law degrees from the [[University of Southern California]]. In 1937, he was elected to the California Assembly, a post he filled for a single term until 1941. He served in [[World War II]] in the [[United States Navy]] Reserve.
==Political career==
He was the California state controller from 1946 until he entered the Senate in 1953. He became controller in 1946 under his mentor, liberal [[Governor]] [[Earl Warren]], and resigned as controller when Warren appointed him to succeed Nixon. Both Warren and Kuchel declined to support Nixon.
===U.S. Senate===
He succeeded Senator [[Richard M. Nixon]], who on January 20, 1953, became [[Vice President of the United States]] under [[Dwight Eisenhower]]. From 1959 to 1969, Kuchel was the Senate Minority Whip in which capacity he was a floor manager of the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75|title=HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284|title=HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL.}}</ref> He also pushed for the ratification of the [[Twenty-Fourth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]], which ended poll taxes in federal elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226|title=S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref> He worked in 1967 to confirm his fellow [[liberal]], the [[African-American]] [[Thurgood Marshall]], a [[civil rights]] attorney, to the [[United States Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176|title=CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref>
He succeeded Senator [[Richard M. Nixon]], who on January 20, 1953, became [[Vice President of the United States]] under [[Dwight Eisenhower]]. From 1959 to 1969, Kuchel was the Senate Minority Whip in which capacity he was a floor manager of the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75|title=HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284|title=HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL.}}</ref> He also pushed for the ratification of the [[Twenty-Fourth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]], which ended poll taxes in federal elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226|title=S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref> He worked in 1967 to confirm his fellow [[liberal]], the [[African-American]] [[Thurgood Marshall]], a [[civil rights]] attorney, to the [[United States Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176|title=CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref>
While running for reelection, Kuchel did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which established open housing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346|title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.}}</ref> He sought a third full term but lost the Republican [[primary]] to the strongly [[conservative]] Maxwell Lewis "Max" Rafferty, Jr. (1917–1982), the then California superintendent of public instruction. Rafferty, however, was defeated by the staunchly liberal [[Alan Cranston]], who like Kuchel was a former state controller.
While running for reelection, Kuchel did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which established open housing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346|title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.}}</ref> He sought a third full term but lost the Republican [[primary]] to the strongly [[conservative]] Maxwell Lewis "Max" Rafferty, Jr. (1917–1982), the then California superintendent of public instruction. Rafferty, however, was defeated by the staunchly liberal [[Alan Cranston]], who like Kuchel was a former state controller.