Changes

==Political career==

==Political career==

===U.S. Senate===

===U.S. Senate===

An ally of [[Joseph McCarthy]], Dworshak was narrowly elected to the United States Senate in the 1950 special election over Democrat Claude J. Burtenshaw,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49580 ID US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> who attacked him as being insufficiently [[anti-Communist]] over his vote against the [[Marshall Plan]] in addition to opposing foreign aid for [[Greece]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name=boisestateuniversity>[https://www.boisestate.edu/bluereview/mccarthy-era-idaho/ The McCarthy Era in Idaho]. ''Boise State University''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> This was following an even more narrow defeat in a regular Senate race two years prior against Democrat Bert H. Miller.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49581 ID US Senate Race - Nov 02, 1948]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

An ally of [[Joseph McCarthy|Joseph Raymond McCarthy]], Dworshak was narrowly elected to the United States Senate in the 1950 special election over Democrat Claude J. Burtenshaw,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49580 ID US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> who attacked him as being insufficiently [[anti-Communist]] over his vote against the [[Marshall Plan]] in addition to opposing foreign aid for [[Greece]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name=boisestateuniversity>[https://www.boisestate.edu/bluereview/mccarthy-era-idaho/ The McCarthy Era in Idaho]. ''Boise State University''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> This was following an even more narrow defeat in a regular Senate race two years prior against Democrat Bert H. Miller.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49581 ID US Senate Race - Nov 02, 1948]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

According to a ranking by FascinatingPolitics.com, Dworshak during the 81st Congress (January 1949 to January 1951) had an MC-Index of 85% based on votes for a broad range of issues, with 100 being the most conservative and 0 being the most liberal.<ref>FascinatingPolitics (January 6, 2019). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2019/01/06/ideology-and-civil-rights-1950-edition/ Ideology and Civil Rights, 1950 Edition]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> He voted in favor of cloture for [[Robert A. Taft]]'s "voluntary FEPC"<ref>FascinatingPolitics (August 30, 2019). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2019/04/30/robert-tafts-conservative-proposal-for-civil-rights/ Robert Taft’s Conservative Proposal for Civil Rights]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> proposal to help end racial discrimination in employment, though there were insufficient affirmative votes to end the Southern filibuster on the legislation.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/81-1950/s369 S 1728. PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT BECAUSE OF RACE, COLOR, RELIGION OR NATIONAL ORIGIN. MOTION FOR CLOTURE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

According to a ranking by FascinatingPolitics.com, Dworshak during the 81st Congress (January 1949 to January 1951) had an MC-Index of 85% based on votes for a broad range of issues, with 100 being the most conservative and 0 being the most liberal.<ref>FascinatingPolitics (January 6, 2019). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2019/01/06/ideology-and-civil-rights-1950-edition/ Ideology and Civil Rights, 1950 Edition]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> He voted in favor of cloture for [[Robert A. Taft]]'s "voluntary FEPC"<ref>FascinatingPolitics (August 30, 2019). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2019/04/30/robert-tafts-conservative-proposal-for-civil-rights/ Robert Taft’s Conservative Proposal for Civil Rights]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> proposal to help end racial discrimination in employment, though there were insufficient affirmative votes to end the Southern filibuster on the legislation.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/81-1950/s369 S 1728. PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT BECAUSE OF RACE, COLOR, RELIGION OR NATIONAL ORIGIN. MOTION FOR CLOTURE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

In late 1954, Dworshak and his Idaho senatorial colleague [[Herman Welker]] were among twenty-two mostly conservative Republicans to oppose and vote against the censure of McCarthy.<ref name=boisestateuniversity/><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271 S. RES. 301. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

In late 1954, Dworshak and his Idaho senatorial colleague [[Herman Welker|Herman Orville Welker]] were among twenty-two mostly conservative Republicans to oppose and vote against the censure of McCarthy.<ref name=boisestateuniversity/><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271 S. RES. 301. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

When the Senate took up the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], Dworshak voted in favor of removing Title III which authorized the [[United States Attorney General]] to seek preventative relief in civil rights cases,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s71 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> though strongly opposed and voted against<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s73 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> the [[jury trial amendment]] which further gutted the legislation into being effectively toothless, stating that the amendment:<ref>August 3, 2021. [https://lmtribune.com/flashback/the-strange-division-on-civil-rights/article_efdde3d7-69b0-5699-a789-1bcef56db54e.html The Strange Division On Civil Rights]. ''The Lewiston Tribune''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>

When the Senate took up the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], Dworshak voted in favor of removing Title III which authorized the [[United States Attorney General]] to seek preventative relief in civil rights cases,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s71 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> though strongly opposed and voted against<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s73 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref> the [[jury trial amendment]] which further gutted the legislation into being effectively toothless, stating that the amendment:<ref>August 3, 2021. [https://lmtribune.com/flashback/the-strange-division-on-civil-rights/article_efdde3d7-69b0-5699-a789-1bcef56db54e.html The Strange Division On Civil Rights]. ''The Lewiston Tribune''. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</ref>