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<center>'''CHINA: EMP THREAT'''</center>

<center>'''CHINA: EMP THREAT'''</center>

'''''Chinese Military Doctrine: EMP Attack Decisive'''''<br>

'''''Chinese Military Doctrine: EMP Attack Decisive'''''<br>

China has long known about nuclear high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) and invested in protecting military forces and critical infrastructures from HEMP and other nuclear weapon effects during the [[Cold War]], and continuing today. China has HEMP simulators and defensive and offensive programs that are almost certainly more robust than any in the United States. China's military doctrine regards nuclear HEMP attack as an extension of information or cyberwarfare, and deserving highest priority as the most likely kind of future warfare.<ref>Some of China’s scientists have even published openly in the West their technical assessments of “high-altitude electromagnetic pulse waveform amplitudes at satellite orbits” as in Cui Meng, “Numerical Simulation of the EMPEnvironment” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic Compatibility (June 2013). Dr. Peter Vincent Pry, "Foreign Views of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack," Testimony on behalf of EMP Commission before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security, Senate Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, D.C.: March 9, 2005). EMP Commission, Foreign Views of Electromagnetic Pulse Attack (Washington, DC: July 2017).</ref>

China has long known about nuclear high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) and invested in protecting military forces and critical infrastructures from HEMP and other nuclear weapon effects during the [[Cold War]], and continuing today. China has HEMP simulators and defensive and offensive programs that are almost certainly more robust than any in the United States. China's military doctrine regards nuclear HEMP attack as an extension of information or cyberwarfare, and deserving highest priority as the most likely kind of future warfare.<ref>Some of China’s scientists have even published openly in the West their technical assessments of “high-altitude electromagnetic pulse waveform amplitudes at satellite orbits” as in Cui Meng, “Numerical Simulation of the EMPEnvironment” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic Compatibility (June 2013). Dr. Peter Vincent Pry, "Foreign Views of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack," Testimony on behalf of EMP Commission before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security, Senate Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, D.C.: March 9, 2005). EMP Commission, Foreign Views of Electromagnetic Pulse Attack (Washington, DC: July 2017).</ref>