| | He won the [[Nobel Prize]] for literature in 1954.<ref>[http://www.lostgeneration.com/]</ref> In 1961 he committed [[suicide]], but was allowed a Roman Catholic burial, as it was ruled he was not fully responsible for his actions due to a mental decline in the last months of his life.<ref>[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hemingwa.htm]</ref><ref>It should be noted that in 1954, while in Africa, he received head injuries in plane crashes occurring on consecutive days; the second caused him to leak cerebral fluid. After those, Hemingway (who was a borderline functional alcoholic) began to drink more heavily to suppress the severe physical pain from which he suffered. Furthermore, in 1991 it was determined that Hemingway had been diagnosed as early as 1961 with hemochromatosis, which does not allow the proper metabolism of iron, resulting in mental and physical deterioration (it is a genetic disorder: his father, along with a brother and sister, also committed suicide).</ref> | | He won the [[Nobel Prize]] for literature in 1954.<ref>[http://www.lostgeneration.com/]</ref> In 1961 he committed [[suicide]], but was allowed a Roman Catholic burial, as it was ruled he was not fully responsible for his actions due to a mental decline in the last months of his life.<ref>[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hemingwa.htm]</ref><ref>It should be noted that in 1954, while in Africa, he received head injuries in plane crashes occurring on consecutive days; the second caused him to leak cerebral fluid. After those, Hemingway (who was a borderline functional alcoholic) began to drink more heavily to suppress the severe physical pain from which he suffered. Furthermore, in 1991 it was determined that Hemingway had been diagnosed as early as 1961 with hemochromatosis, which does not allow the proper metabolism of iron, resulting in mental and physical deterioration (it is a genetic disorder: his father, along with a brother and sister, also committed suicide).</ref> |
| − | Hemingway influenced [[American]] literature profoundly.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/stories/nagel/]</ref> He helped popularize a style of writing that featured plain language, short sentences, and clean, sparse prose. His writing frequently focused on American expatriates living in [[Europe]] or [[Africa]]. Leading characters are often very masculine, somewhat alcoholic, and suffering from mental scars, but always in control of themselves. These characters are believed to be based on Hemingway himself. Some interpret -- perhaps incorrectly -- the flaws in Hemingway's masculine characters as a criticism of masculinity itself. | + | Hemingway influenced [[American]] literature profoundly.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/stories/nagel/]</ref> He helped popularize a style of writing that featured plain language, short sentences, and clean, sparse prose. His writing frequently focused on American expatriates living in [[Europe]] or [[Africa]]. Leading characters are often very masculine, somewhat alcoholic, and suffering from mental scars, but always in control of themselves. These characters are believed to be based on Hemingway himself. Some interpret -- perhaps incorrectly -- the flaws in Hemingway's masculine characters as a criticism of masculinity itself. He admired the manliness of actor [[Gary Cooper]], the star of ''[[High Noon]]''. |
| | In 2011, 50 years after his death, it was revealed that Hemingway had been the subject of an [[FBI]] investigation, spurred by [[J. Edgar Hoover]]'s suspicions about Hemingway's activities in [[Cuba]].<ref>[https://vault.fbi.gov/Ernest%20Hemingway%20/Ernest%20Hemingway%20Part%201%20of%203/view FBI-Ernest Hemingway]</ref> | | In 2011, 50 years after his death, it was revealed that Hemingway had been the subject of an [[FBI]] investigation, spurred by [[J. Edgar Hoover]]'s suspicions about Hemingway's activities in [[Cuba]].<ref>[https://vault.fbi.gov/Ernest%20Hemingway%20/Ernest%20Hemingway%20Part%201%20of%203/view FBI-Ernest Hemingway]</ref> |