Changes

Conservatives in the rival [[Stalwart]] faction called them "Half-Breeds"<ref name=georgefrisbiehoar>Welch, Robert E., Jr. (1971). [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674436787 George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans], pp. 2–3. ''Harvard University Press''. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</ref> because they advocated allowing former [[Confederate]] Rebels into the civil service and paid lip service in dealing with the [[Ku Klux Klan]]'s [[voter suppression]] of [[African American]] [[civil rights]]. They were considered only "half Republican", or [[Republican in Name Only]]. They helped facilitate the [[Jim Crow]] [[Democrat]]s take over of [[the South]] at the end of [[Reconstruction]].<ref name=vox/>

Conservatives in the rival [[Stalwart]] faction called them "Half-Breeds"<ref name=georgefrisbiehoar>Welch, Robert E., Jr. (1971). [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674436787 George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans], pp. 2–3. ''Harvard University Press''. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</ref> because they advocated allowing former [[Confederate]] Rebels into the civil service and paid lip service in dealing with the [[Ku Klux Klan]]'s [[voter suppression]] of [[African American]] [[civil rights]]. They were considered only "half Republican", or [[Republican in Name Only]]. They helped facilitate the [[Jim Crow]] [[Democrat]]s take over of [[the South]] at the end of [[Reconstruction]].<ref name=vox/>

The Half-Breeds were later led by [[corrupt]] [[U.S. Senator]] [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]], whose political inclinations in the 1870s aligned more with the Stalwarts.<ref>''George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans'', p. 91.</ref> The group's main achievement was the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] of 1884, which led to the creation of the [[bureaucratic]] [[Deep State]].<ref>Earle, Peter C. (November 14, 2019). [https://www.aier.org/article/the-birth-of-the-deep-state-a-history/ The Birth of the Deep State: A History]. ''American Institute for Economic Research''.</ref> Under the Pendleton Act, [[racist]] civil servants were no longer dependent up the [[patronage]] of an elected Democrat official, and were protected from firing when Democrats were voted out of office.

The Half-Breeds were later led by [[corrupt]] [[U.S. Senator]] [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]], whose political inclinations in the 1870s aligned more with the Stalwarts.<ref name=p.91>''George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans'', p. 91.</ref> The group's main achievement was the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] of 1884, which led to the creation of the [[bureaucratic]] [[Deep State]].<ref>Earle, Peter C. (November 14, 2019). [https://www.aier.org/article/the-birth-of-the-deep-state-a-history/ The Birth of the Deep State: A History]. ''American Institute for Economic Research''.</ref> Under the Pendleton Act, [[racist]] civil servants were no longer dependent up the [[patronage]] of an elected Democrat official, and were protected from firing when Democrats were voted out of office.

Other Half-Breeds included [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], [[James A. Garfield]], [[William Henry Robertson]] and [[George Frisbie Hoar]].

The early Half-Breed leaders were [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] and [[George Frisbie Hoar]]. Other members included [[James A. Garfield]], [[William H. Robertson]], George Edmunds, William Wheeler, Henry Blair, Stanley Matthews, William Evarts, Henry Dawes, George McCrary, and John Sherman.<ref name=p.91/>

==Ideology and leadership==

==Ideology and leadership==