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The Half-Breeds were later led by [[corrupt]] [[U.S. Senator]] [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]], whose political inclinations in the 1870s aligned more with the Stalwarts.<ref name=p.91>''George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans'', p. 91.</ref> The group's main achievement was the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] of 1884, which led to the creation of the [[bureaucratic]] [[Deep State]].<ref>Earle, Peter C. (November 14, 2019). [https://www.aier.org/article/the-birth-of-the-deep-state-a-history/ The Birth of the Deep State: A History]. ''American Institute for Economic Research''.</ref> Under the Pendleton Act, [[racist]] civil servants were no longer dependent up the [[patronage]] of an elected Democrat official, and were protected from firing when Democrats were voted out of office.

The Half-Breeds were later led by [[corrupt]] [[U.S. Senator]] [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]], whose political inclinations in the 1870s aligned more with the Stalwarts.<ref name=p.91>''George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans'', p. 91.</ref> The group's main achievement was the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] of 1884, which led to the creation of the [[bureaucratic]] [[Deep State]].<ref>Earle, Peter C. (November 14, 2019). [https://www.aier.org/article/the-birth-of-the-deep-state-a-history/ The Birth of the Deep State: A History]. ''American Institute for Economic Research''.</ref> Under the Pendleton Act, [[racist]] civil servants were no longer dependent up the [[patronage]] of an elected Democrat official, and were protected from firing when Democrats were voted out of office.

The early Half-Breed leaders were [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] and [[George Frisbie Hoar]]. Other members included [[James A. Garfield]], [[William H. Robertson]], George Edmunds, William Wheeler, Henry Blair, Stanley Matthews, William Evarts, Henry Dawes, George McCrary, and John Sherman.<ref name=p.91/>

The early Half-Breed leaders were [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] and [[George Frisbie Hoar]]. Other members included [[James A. Garfield]], [[William H. Robertson]], George Edmunds, [[William Wheeler]], Henry Blair, [[Stanley Matthews]], William Evarts, Henry Dawes, George McCrary, and John Sherman.<ref name=p.91/>

==Ideology and leadership==

==Ideology and leadership==