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===1880 Republican factionalism: Grant vs. Blaine===

===1880 Republican factionalism: Grant vs. Blaine===

In the 1880 presidential election, Stalwarts led by Conkling who previously were steadfast allies of President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] as Radical Republicans pushed Grant to run for an unprecedented, non-consecutive third term.<ref name=roscoeconklingbio1/> Half-Breeds pushed heavily for nominating Blaine, and both factions were uniformly prioritized in their contempt for the other side, refusing to allow either candidate to be the nominee.<ref name=levipmorton/>

In the 1880 presidential election, Stalwarts led by Conkling who previously were steadfast allies of President Grant as Radical Republicans pushed Grant to run for an unprecedented, non-consecutive third term.<ref name=roscoeconklingbio1/> Half-Breeds pushed heavily for nominating Blaine, and both factions were uniformly prioritized in their contempt for the other side, refusing to allow either candidate to be the nominee.<ref name=levipmorton/>

Grant, a [[American Civil War|Civil War]] Union commander and Radical Republican who never wavered in his advocacy for racial equality and notably accomplished a breakup the First Ku Klux Klan, sympathized with the Stalwarts' frustrations towards Hayes' efforts that stifled equal protection under the law. Blaine was placed in a more difficult position, similarly opposing Hayes' decisions out of concern for the plight of Southern blacks though accepting his standing among the Half-Breeds due to his rivalry with Conkling.<ref name=levipmorton/>

Grant, a [[American Civil War|Civil War]] Union commander and Radical Republican who never wavered in his advocacy for racial equality and notably accomplished a breakup the First Ku Klux Klan, sympathized with the Stalwarts' frustrations towards Hayes' efforts that stifled equal protection under the law. Blaine was placed in a more difficult position, similarly opposing Hayes' decisions out of concern for the plight of Southern blacks though accepting his standing among the Half-Breeds due to his rivalry with Conkling.<ref name=levipmorton/>