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→Relationship to the Temple
There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Dome of the Rock and the Jewish temple.
There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Dome of the Rock and the Jewish temple.
The traditional "central location" theory placed the Temple where the Dome now stands and identified the Rock with the Foundation Stone. This theory was outlined by Rabbi David ben Zimra (“Radbaz” [1461–1571]).
'''Central location.''' The traditional "central location" theory placed the Temple where the Dome now stands and identified the Rock with the Foundation Stone. This theory was outlined by Rabbi David ben Zimra (“Radbaz” [1461–1571]).
The Foundation Stone was a platform in the [[Holy of Holies]] that rose "three fingers" above the Temple floor. It was the resting place of the [[Ark of the Covenant]], which was lost at the time of the [[Babylonian exile]]. One difficulty with the central location theory is that the rock housed under the Dome was 58 by 51 feet. This is much larger than the Holy of Holies, which was only 20 by 20 cubits, or 30 by 30 feet.<ref>Blidstein, Gerald Y., "[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/even-shetiyyah Even Shetiyyah]," ''Encyclopedia Judaica'', 1996.</ref>
The Foundation Stone was a platform in the [[Holy of Holies]] that rose "three fingers" above the Temple floor. It was the resting place of the [[Ark of the Covenant]], which was lost at the time of the [[Babylonian exile]]. One difficulty with the central location theory is that the rock housed under the Dome was 58 by 51 feet. This is much larger than the Holy of Holies, which was only 20 by 20 cubits, or 30 by 30 feet.<ref>Blidstein, Gerald Y., "[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/even-shetiyyah Even Shetiyyah]," ''Encyclopedia Judaica'', 1996.</ref>
According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman, Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref>
'''Northern location.''' According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman, Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref>
Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome. Tuvia suggests that Hadrian's Jerusalem temple followed the plan another temple built by Hadrian in Baalbek, Lebanon. The Dome corresponds to the hexagonal forecourt of the classical temple.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>
'''Southern location.''' Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome. Tuvia suggests that Hadrian's Jerusalem temple followed the plan another temple built by Hadrian in Baalbek, Lebanon. The Dome corresponds to the hexagonal forecourt of the classical temple.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>
Unlike the forecourt in Baalbek, the Dome in Jerusalem is an octogon. The Byzantine Church of Mary's Rock in Jerusalem has been suggested as an inspiration for this unusual shape.
== History ==
== History ==