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→Relationship to the Temple
'''Central location.''' The traditional "central location" theory placed the Temple where the Dome now stands and identified the Rock with the Foundation Stone. This theory was outlined by Rabbi David ben Zimra (“Radbaz” [1461–1571]).
'''Central location.''' The traditional "central location" theory placed the Temple where the Dome now stands and identified the Rock with the Foundation Stone. This theory was outlined by Rabbi David ben Zimra (“Radbaz” [1461–1571]).
The Foundation Stone was a platform in the [[Holy of Holies]] that rose "three fingers" above the Temple floor. It was the resting place of the [[Ark of the Covenant]], which was lost at the time of the [[Babylonian exile]]. One difficulty with the central location theory is that the rock housed under the Dome was 58 by 51 feet. This is much larger than the Holy of Holies, which was only 20 by 20 cubits, or 30 by 30 feet.<ref>Blidstein, Gerald Y., "[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/even-shetiyyah Even Shetiyyah]," ''Encyclopedia Judaica'', 1996.</ref>
The Foundation Stone was the resting place of the [[Ark of the Covenant]], which was lost at the time of the [[Babylonian exile]]. One difficulty with the central location theory is that the rock housed under the Dome was 58 by 51 feet. This is much larger than the Holy of Holies, which was only 20 by 20 cubits, or 30 by 30 feet.<ref name="blidstein">Blidstein, Gerald Y., "[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/even-shetiyyah Even Shetiyyah]," ''Encyclopedia Judaica'', 1996.</ref>
Another difficulty is that the Foundation Stone was a platform in the [[Holy of Holies]] that rose "three fingers" above the Temple floor, according to the Mishna.<ref name="blidstein"/> The Rock is 5 foot, 9 inches above the floor of the shrine. Furthermore, the top of the Rock appears appear to have been quarried at some point.
[[File:Dome of the Rock and Chain Dome.jpg|thumb|left|Dome of the Rock and Dome of the Chain]]
[[File:Dome of the Rock and Chain Dome.jpg|thumb|left|Dome of the Rock and Dome of the Chain]]
'''Northern location.''' According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits. A review in ''Biblical Archaeological Review'' complained that Kaufman's "reconstruction of the Inner and Outer Courts of the Temple [are] geographically and physically untenable."<ref>Schwartz, Joshua, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]," ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref>
'''Northern location.''' According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits. A review in ''Biblical Archaeological Review'' complained that Kaufman's "reconstruction of the Inner and Outer Courts of the Temple [are] geographically and physically untenable."<ref>Schwartz, Joshua, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]," ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref>