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===Dome of the Rock===

===Dome of the Rock===

"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:2|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Genesis|22:14|ESV}}.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|28:16|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Psalms|118:22|ESV}}. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>

In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:2|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Genesis|22:14|ESV}}.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|28:16|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Psalms|118:22|ESV}}. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>

The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>{{bibleverse||Zechariah|12:10|ESV}}.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.

The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>{{bibleverse||Zechariah|12:10|ESV}}.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.