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1988 Chilean national plebiscite (view source)
Revision as of 20:03, June 25, 2022
, 20:03, June 25, 2022Created page with "thumbnail|''Sí'' and ''No'' Options logo. The '''Chilean national plebiscite of 1988''' was a national referendum held..."
[[File:Logo Sí & No Pinochet Plebiscite 1988.png|thumbnail|''Sí'' and ''No'' Options logo.]]
The '''[[Chile]]an national plebiscite of 1988''' was a national referendum held on October 5, 1988 on the issue of whether or not [[Augusto Pinochet]], the [[president of Chile]], could extend his presidency for another eight years. Augusto Pinochet's firm decision to hand over the presidential command was not broken either by his own will or by the terrorist actions that since 1983 had been accentuated, causing deaths and serious damage to public and private property. [[Augusto Pinochet Ugarte|President Pinochet]] was nominated by the Military Government Junta as a candidate to continue as [[President of Chile]] for another few years, and a plebiscite was called for the people to accept or reject such nomination. Pinochet was defeated in the vote to decide the continuity of his government. On that occasion, the "Yes" option obtained 44.01% and the "No" 55.99%, so the President had to call elections for the following year.<ref name=GobMilitar>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/gobierno-militar.html|title=GOBIERNO MILITAR|publisher=Chile Pinochet Nuestro}}</ref><ref name=Biografia>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/biografia_21.html|title=BIOGRAFIA|publisher=Chile Pinochet Nuestro}}</ref>
==International interference==
The "No" Campaign and the Concertación were supported by [[George Soros]] and the National Endowment for Democracy which helped the center-left with propaganda on television, newspapers, radio and magazines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2020/12/se-me-cayeron-los-estados-unidos.html|title="Se Me Cayeron" los Estados Unidos|date=December 30, 2020|language=es|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref><ref name=aniversarioSi>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/otro-aniversario-del-si.html|title=Otro Aniversario del "Sí"|date=Septemebr 30, 2020|language=es|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref> Soros is a friend of the Chilean politician Máximo Pacheco who thanked the him for "his contribution in the recovery of our democracy, and we do not forget that in Chile" and also said that Soros was crusial "in conducting studies and obtaining data that gave us information that had been hidden from us for 17 years." "What we learned there was crucial for the preparation of the famous television program of the No campaign and for the victory in the plebiscite".<ref>[https://www.emol.com/noticias/Economia/2015/09/27/751793/El-multimillonario-que-apoyo-al-NO.html Soros helped the "No" campaign]</ref>
The "Sí" option would have probably won if the election was in 1987, but the majority verdict changed due to the enormous flow of money from the U.S. National Endowment for Democracy and the millionaire European subsidies for a majority of anti-government print media that subsisted thanks to the prevailing freedom of the press (although each year the Inter-American Press Association maintained that there was none, which wasn't true due to the existing opposition magazines containing the worst criticisms to the military government).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/10/hoy-votaria-si-con-mayor-razon.html|title=Hoy Votaría "Sí" Con Mayor Razón|date=October 3, 2018|language=es|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref>
The NED financed numerous leftist entities like trade unions, academic and journalistic organizations. Pinochet knew this and described it as "an act of intervention that cannot be viewed with pleasure by the majority of Chileans, including broad sectors of the opposition".
The US ambassador, [[Harry Barnes]], who systematically contradicted the good omens that [[President Reagan]] expressed to the military government, pointed out that the aid to the opposition does not imply an intervention in Chile's internal affairs, but rather "to promote participation and civic education, processes that correspond to any real democracy".<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_20.html}}</ref>
The international organizations ignored the historical truth to the same degree as the majority of Chileans, who did not know, because of that deceitful propaganda, that democracy would return the same whether the "Sí" or "No" vote won, because there were going to be the same elections, the same institutions and the same individual guarantees for all, after 1990. Because the "Sí" government so provided in the Constitution, which improved the country for all, including those who voted "No".<ref name=aniversarioSi/>
== Results ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Option !! Votes !! % !! Results
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Sí || 3,119,110 || 44.01 ||
|-
! No || 3,967,569 || 55.98 || Proposal rejected
|-
! Valid vote || 7,086,679 || 100.00 ||
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Invalid vote || 94.594 || 1.30 ||
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Empty sound || 70,660 || 0.97 ||
|-
! Total votes || 7,251,933 || 100.00 ||
|-
! Registered Voters || 7,435,913 || colspan="2" | 97.52%
|-
! Population with voting age || 8,193,683 || colspan="2" | 90.75% registered
|}
<small>Source: [http://www.tricel.cl/ Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones].</small>
==See also==
*[[National Endowment for Democracy]]
*[[George Soros]]
*[[Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90)]]
*[[Patricio Aylwin]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Chilean History]]
The '''[[Chile]]an national plebiscite of 1988''' was a national referendum held on October 5, 1988 on the issue of whether or not [[Augusto Pinochet]], the [[president of Chile]], could extend his presidency for another eight years. Augusto Pinochet's firm decision to hand over the presidential command was not broken either by his own will or by the terrorist actions that since 1983 had been accentuated, causing deaths and serious damage to public and private property. [[Augusto Pinochet Ugarte|President Pinochet]] was nominated by the Military Government Junta as a candidate to continue as [[President of Chile]] for another few years, and a plebiscite was called for the people to accept or reject such nomination. Pinochet was defeated in the vote to decide the continuity of his government. On that occasion, the "Yes" option obtained 44.01% and the "No" 55.99%, so the President had to call elections for the following year.<ref name=GobMilitar>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/gobierno-militar.html|title=GOBIERNO MILITAR|publisher=Chile Pinochet Nuestro}}</ref><ref name=Biografia>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/biografia_21.html|title=BIOGRAFIA|publisher=Chile Pinochet Nuestro}}</ref>
==International interference==
The "No" Campaign and the Concertación were supported by [[George Soros]] and the National Endowment for Democracy which helped the center-left with propaganda on television, newspapers, radio and magazines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2020/12/se-me-cayeron-los-estados-unidos.html|title="Se Me Cayeron" los Estados Unidos|date=December 30, 2020|language=es|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref><ref name=aniversarioSi>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/otro-aniversario-del-si.html|title=Otro Aniversario del "Sí"|date=Septemebr 30, 2020|language=es|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref> Soros is a friend of the Chilean politician Máximo Pacheco who thanked the him for "his contribution in the recovery of our democracy, and we do not forget that in Chile" and also said that Soros was crusial "in conducting studies and obtaining data that gave us information that had been hidden from us for 17 years." "What we learned there was crucial for the preparation of the famous television program of the No campaign and for the victory in the plebiscite".<ref>[https://www.emol.com/noticias/Economia/2015/09/27/751793/El-multimillonario-que-apoyo-al-NO.html Soros helped the "No" campaign]</ref>
The "Sí" option would have probably won if the election was in 1987, but the majority verdict changed due to the enormous flow of money from the U.S. National Endowment for Democracy and the millionaire European subsidies for a majority of anti-government print media that subsisted thanks to the prevailing freedom of the press (although each year the Inter-American Press Association maintained that there was none, which wasn't true due to the existing opposition magazines containing the worst criticisms to the military government).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/10/hoy-votaria-si-con-mayor-razon.html|title=Hoy Votaría "Sí" Con Mayor Razón|date=October 3, 2018|language=es|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref>
The NED financed numerous leftist entities like trade unions, academic and journalistic organizations. Pinochet knew this and described it as "an act of intervention that cannot be viewed with pleasure by the majority of Chileans, including broad sectors of the opposition".
The US ambassador, [[Harry Barnes]], who systematically contradicted the good omens that [[President Reagan]] expressed to the military government, pointed out that the aid to the opposition does not imply an intervention in Chile's internal affairs, but rather "to promote participation and civic education, processes that correspond to any real democracy".<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_20.html}}</ref>
The international organizations ignored the historical truth to the same degree as the majority of Chileans, who did not know, because of that deceitful propaganda, that democracy would return the same whether the "Sí" or "No" vote won, because there were going to be the same elections, the same institutions and the same individual guarantees for all, after 1990. Because the "Sí" government so provided in the Constitution, which improved the country for all, including those who voted "No".<ref name=aniversarioSi/>
== Results ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Option !! Votes !! % !! Results
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Sí || 3,119,110 || 44.01 ||
|-
! No || 3,967,569 || 55.98 || Proposal rejected
|-
! Valid vote || 7,086,679 || 100.00 ||
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Invalid vote || 94.594 || 1.30 ||
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Empty sound || 70,660 || 0.97 ||
|-
! Total votes || 7,251,933 || 100.00 ||
|-
! Registered Voters || 7,435,913 || colspan="2" | 97.52%
|-
! Population with voting age || 8,193,683 || colspan="2" | 90.75% registered
|}
<small>Source: [http://www.tricel.cl/ Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones].</small>
==See also==
*[[National Endowment for Democracy]]
*[[George Soros]]
*[[Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90)]]
*[[Patricio Aylwin]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Chilean History]]