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'''Shakib Arslan''' (Arabic: شكيب أرسلان, 25 December 1869 – 9 December 1946) (Abou Ghaleb) was a forner [[Druze|Druse]] notable, prince (amir) in [[Lebanon]], who left his community and clung to [[fascism]],<ref name=book-assaf-1967p129/> allied,<ref>Elst, Koenraad. Indigenous Indians: Agastya to Ambedkar. India: Voice of India, 1993. [http://books.google.com/books?id=exVuAAAAMAAJ&q=arslan p. 353].<blockquote>Young Fidel Castro would imitate Mussolini in front of the mirror. The secularist Baath Party in Syria and Iraq was modelled on Mussolini's Fascist Party. The Iranian Shah Reza Pahlevi was an open admirer of Hitler (for which he was forced by the British to abdicate in favour of his son)... The Muslims in particular were enthusiastic... Muslim nations rallied to ally with Hitler: the Bosnian Muslims, the Kalmuks, the Chechen and Ingosh, the Balkans, the Meshkets, and the Krim Tatars. In West Asia, prominant leaders like the Druze leader Shakib Arslan (Walid Jumblatt's father) and the Mufti of Jerusalem allied themselves with Hitler.</blockquote></ref> propagated for [[Hitler]], tight with the Mufti [[Mohammed Amin Al-Husseini]], [[Jamal Husseini]] and other ieaders in Arab Mandatory Palestine.
'''Shakib Arslan''' (Arabic: شكيب أرسلان,Turkish: Şekîb b. Hammûd b. Hasen el-Arslânî, 25 December 1869 – 9 December 1946) (Abou Ghaleb) was a forner [[Druze|Druse]] notable, prince (amir) in [[Lebanon]], who left his community and clung to [[fascism]],<ref name=book-assaf-1967p129/> allied,<ref>Elst, Koenraad. Indigenous Indians: Agastya to Ambedkar. India: Voice of India, 1993. [http://books.google.com/books?id=exVuAAAAMAAJ&q=arslan p. 353].<blockquote>Young Fidel Castro would imitate Mussolini in front of the mirror. The secularist Baath Party in Syria and Iraq was modelled on Mussolini's Fascist Party. The Iranian Shah Reza Pahlevi was an open admirer of Hitler (for which he was forced by the British to abdicate in favour of his son)... The Muslims in particular were enthusiastic... Muslim nations rallied to ally with Hitler: the Bosnian Muslims, the Kalmuks, the Chechen and Ingosh, the Balkans, the Meshkets, and the Krim Tatars. In West Asia, prominant leaders like the Druze leader Shakib Arslan (Walid Jumblatt's father) and the Mufti of Jerusalem allied themselves with Hitler.</blockquote></ref> propagated for [[Hitler]], tight with the Mufti [[Mohammed Amin Al-Husseini]], [[Jamal Husseini]] and other ieaders in Arab Mandatory Palestine.
He was a who was known as Amir al-Bayān (Arabic for "Prince of Eloquence") because in addition to being a politician, he was also an influential pan-Arabist, pan-Islamist writer, poet and historian an author, he penned some 20 books and 2,000 articles.
He was a who was known as Amir al-Bayān (Arabic for "Prince of Eloquence") because in addition to being a politician, he was also an influential pan-Arabist, pan-Islamist writer, poet and historian an author, he penned some 20 books and 2,000 articles.
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. The conversation between them revolved around the delusional story that the Arabs preceded Christopher Columbus, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered America. Alafjani said: "When the Arabs try to cover up their omissions and backwardness these days, they claim that their ancestors did this and that. And this is the problem. Instead of doing something to fulfill their ambitions, they cling to their past."</blockquote></ref>
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. The conversation between them revolved around the delusional story that the Arabs preceded Christopher Columbus, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered America. Alafjani said: "When the Arabs try to cover up their omissions and backwardness these days, they claim that their ancestors did this and that. And this is the problem. Instead of doing something to fulfill their ambitions, they cling to their past."</blockquote></ref>
==Pan Islamist: from pro-Ottoman to Pan-Arabism==
Shakib Arslan: an Ottoman parliamentarian and later Arab nationalist who was close to Cemal Pasha during the war.<ref>Environmental Histories of the First World War. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2018. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AWJjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 179].</ref>
"He seems to be more Moslem than the Caliph." Christians voiced referring to Arslan's piece published on Aug 14, 2014.<ref>The Moslem World. United Kingdom: Nile Mission Press, 1915. p.418.</ref>
An ardent pan-Islamist wanted to bring together in an alliance.
<ref>Bogosian, Eric. Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot that Avenged the Armenian Genocide. United States: Little, Brown, 2015.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=AYudBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT137].</ref>
During [[World War I]], the Spanish zone in Northern Morocco was utilized to foment hostilities against the French forces. In addition, the ''Teskilat-i Mahsusa'' (Ottoman Empire) TM formed volunteer units such as the Druze Voluntary Detachment led by Amir Shakib Arslan (1869-1946) with 110 men recruited from Mount Lebanon who were attached to the Hejaz Campaign Force.<ref>Safi, The Ottoman Special Organization 2012, p. 204.
ctd in
Odile Moreau
[https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/teskilat-i_mahsusa_ottoman_empire Teskilat-i Mahsusa (Ottoman Empire)], Nov 23, 2018.</ref> A "die-hard Ottoman loyalist, the Druze Emir Shakib Arslan, raised a small force of Druze warriors at his own expense."<ref>The Ottoman Twilight in the Arab Lands: Turkish Memoirs and Testimonies of the Great War. United States: Academic Studies Press, 2019.
https://books.google.com/books?id=X_qdDwAAQBAJ&pg=P2015.<blockquote>
Only the die-hard Ottoman loyalist, the Druze Emir Shakib Arslan, raised a small force of Druze warriors at his own expense. They were never deployed.</blockquote></ref><ref>Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks , 189.
Beşikçi, Mehmet. The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War: Between Voluntarism and Resistance. Netherlands: Brill, 2012. [178].<br><i>Shakib Arslan's volunteers from the Druze. </i></ref><ref name=hedhamizrah-1949/>
While always an ardent pan-Islamist throughout, post--World War I, he changed hus pro aittoman activism to that of a Champion of Pan-Arabism.
{{Cquote|Post--World War I: A Champion of Pan-Arabism
Until the abolition of the Caliphate by Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938), Arslan lingered in Europe and Turkey hoping for the restoration of the Ottoman Empire. After it became apparent that this goal was unattainable, he refocused his activism to a more pressing matter, namely the French and the British domination and partition of the Arab world. Arslan however, was greatly ostracized from the ranks of the Arab nationalists he had formerly opposed. His transition into the ranks of the nationalists was made possible through the good offices of his close friend Rashid Rida, the renowned publisher of al-Manar. Rida was aware of his friend’s talents and thus brought him into the fold of the Arab cause. Arslan was quite successful in his new post as the head of the permanent delegation of the Syrian-Palestinian Congress to the League of Nations in Geneva. Through this delegation, Arslan and his companions were able to lobby for the demands of the so-called Arab Nation, such issues as the Great Syrian Revolt, and more importantly the question of Palestine. It was through the delegation’s publication Le Nation Arabe that Arslan bombarded European policy-makers as well as the general public with the demands of his political camp. While Arslan tried to be as diverse as possible in the articles he published in his journal and other prominent publications such as al-Manar, the Palestinian issue occupied a major share of his writings. This was mainly due to the fact that Arslan was a close ally of the Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husayni (1895-1974); indeed, many believed that Arslan was in fact the Mufti’s main advisor.
<ref>M. Rabbah, [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/arslan_shakib_amir Arslān, Shakīb, Amīr], Apr 10, 2018.</ref>}}
In Switzerland since September 1925.<ref>Provence, Michael. The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East. India: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 172.<br><i>
In September 1925, Shakib Arslan left his unhappy exile in Mersin and moved to Switzerland permanently.</i></ref>
==Barid Al Sharq==
==Barid Al Sharq==