| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | '''Radical Republicans''' were members of the [[Republican Party]] from 1854-77<ref>https://www.sidmartinbio.org/who-were-the-radical-republicans-and-what-did-they-do/</ref> in the era of the [[American Civil War]] and [[Reconstruction]]. They took the lead in demanding the abolition of [[slavery]] and worked to ensure that Freedmen (freed slaves) would have complete equality with white citizens. In addition, they believed that punitive measures should be taken against the Southern States for seceding from the Union. The Radicals demanded, and sometimes got, more vigorous prosecution of the war against the Confederacy and a quicker end to slavery. They often opposed [[Abraham Lincoln]], the leader of the moderate Republicans. The Radicals vehemently opposed President [[Andrew Johnson]]. They were reluctant to readmit the white South to full status during Reconstruction, and concentrated on giving civil rights, and the right to vote, to Freedmen (freed slaves). After Reconstruction collapsed in 1877 the remaining Radicals formed the "[[Stalwart]]" faction of the Republican Party. During its prominence, Radical Republicans devoted their energy and vigor to civil rights protections without cohesive unity on economic issues. | + | '''Radical Republicans''' were members of the [[Republican Party]] from 1854-77<ref>https://www.sidmartinbio.org/who-were-the-radical-republicans-and-what-did-they-do/</ref> in the era of the [[American Civil War]] and [[Reconstruction]]. They took the lead in demanding the abolition of [[slavery]] and worked to ensure that Freedmen (freed slaves) would have complete equality with white citizens. In addition, they believed that punitive measures should be taken against the Southern States for seceding from the Union. The Radicals demanded, and sometimes got, more vigorous prosecution of the war against the Confederacy and a quicker end to slavery. They often opposed [[Abraham Lincoln]], the leader of the moderate Republicans. The Radicals vehemently opposed President [[Andrew Johnson]]. They were reluctant to readmit the white South to full status during Reconstruction, and concentrated on giving civil rights, and the right to vote, to Freedmen (freed slaves). After Reconstruction collapsed in 1877 the remaining Radicals formed the "[[Stalwart]]" faction of the Republican Party. On economic issues, most were conservative and business-oriented. |
| | | | |
| | The main leaders were Representative [[Thaddeus Stevens]] of Pennsylvania and Senator [[Charles Sumner]] of Massachusetts. Another prominent figure was Sen. [[Zachariah Chandler]] of [[Michigan]]. Other Radical Republicans included [[Benjamin Wade]] of [[Ohio]], [[William H. Seward]] of [[New York]], [[William B. Allison]] and [[James F. Wilson]] of [[Iowa]], [[George F. Hoar]] and Benjamin Butler of [[Massachusetts]] as well as [[John C. Fremont]] of [[California]]. | | The main leaders were Representative [[Thaddeus Stevens]] of Pennsylvania and Senator [[Charles Sumner]] of Massachusetts. Another prominent figure was Sen. [[Zachariah Chandler]] of [[Michigan]]. Other Radical Republicans included [[Benjamin Wade]] of [[Ohio]], [[William H. Seward]] of [[New York]], [[William B. Allison]] and [[James F. Wilson]] of [[Iowa]], [[George F. Hoar]] and Benjamin Butler of [[Massachusetts]] as well as [[John C. Fremont]] of [[California]]. |
| − |
| |
| − | Although likely insignificant in terms of quantitative composition, [[Seventh-day Adventists]] were a component of the Radical Republicans<ref>Bruinsma, Reinder (1994). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Seventh_day_Adventist_Attitudes_Toward_R/hlkmAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=seventh-day+adventists+radical+republicans&dq=seventh-day+adventists+radical+republicans&printsec=frontcover Seventh-day Adventist attitudes toward Roman Catholicism, 1844-1965], p. 98. ''Google Books''. Retrieved February 20, 2023.</ref> due their biblically motivated support for civil rights and repulsion towards racial hatred. Adventist publications exhorted racial equality, and one of its prominent leaders, Ellen G. White, vocally supported the Union cause during the Civil War, viewing the Confederates as satanically inspired.<ref>Weinberg, Carl R. (2021). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Red_Dynamite/WHwOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=seventh-day+adventists+radical+republicans&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover Red Dynamite: Creationism, Culture Wars, and Anticommunism in America], p. 61. ''Google Books''. Retrieved February 20, 2023.</ref>
| |
| | | | |
| | [[File:Stevens-T.jpg|thumb|240px|Thaddeus Stevens]] | | [[File:Stevens-T.jpg|thumb|240px|Thaddeus Stevens]] |
| | | | |
| | ==Origins== | | ==Origins== |
| − | They were not a [[political party]], but more of a faction in the states, and an informal grouping among the Republicans in [[Congress]]. They began their rise to prominence in 1854, and after the election of 1860, they became a true force to be reckoned with when several of their members were given key committee chairmanships: Thaddeus Stevens (Ways and Means), Owen Lovejoy (Agriculture), James Ashley (Territories), [[Henry Winter Davis]] (Foreign Relations), George W. Julian (Public Lands), Elihu Washburne (Commerce) and Henry Wilson (Judiciary). Some, including Julian, later broke from Radicalism and joined the [[Liberal Republican Party]] in viewing "Grantist" machine politics as corrupt, instead favoring civil service reform. | + | They were not a [[political party]], but more of a faction in the states, and an informal grouping among the Republicans in [[Congress]]. They began their rise to prominence in 1854, and after the election of 1860, they became a true force to be reckoned with when several of their members were given key committee chairmanships: Thaddeus Stevens (Ways and Means), Owen Lovejoy (Agriculture), James Ashley (Territories), [[Henry Winter Davis]] (Foreign Relations), George W. Julian (Public Lands), Elihu Washburne (Commerce) and Henry Wilson (Judiciary). |
| | | | |
| | ==Civil War== | | ==Civil War== |