Changes

== Exodus ==

== Exodus ==

*Hyksos Scarabs in Shiqmona (now [[Haifa]]) reference "Jacob-El", possibly as a local ruler, and refer to the 12 tribes of [[Jacob]] (Israel)<ref>https://bibleandscience.com/archaeology/exodus.htm</ref>

*Hyksos Scarabs in Shiqmona (now [[Haifa]]) reference "Jacob-El", possibly as a local ruler, and refer to the 12 tribes of [[Jacob]] (Israel)<ref>{{Cite web |title=IBSS - Biblical Archaeology - Evidence of the Exodus from Egypt |url=https://bibleandscience.com/archaeology/exodus.htm |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=bibleandscience.com}}</ref>

*In 1986, Manfred Bietak found archeological evidence of [[Joseph]] in the Avaris archaeological site in Egypt. A tomb of a non-Egyptian, Asiatic ruler was found with evidence of multi-colored garments (much like Joseph's multicolored coat). The tomb (which has no bones, which makes sense considering that the bones of Joseph were taken back to Israel [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9874#v19 [Exodus 13:19<nowiki>]</nowiki>]), dates to around 200 years before [[the Exodus]].<ref>https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/statue-of-biblical-joseph-found-story-covered-up</ref>

*In 1986, Manfred Bietak found archeological evidence of [[Joseph]] in the Avaris archaeological site in Egypt. A tomb of a non-Egyptian, Asiatic ruler was found with evidence of multi-colored garments (much like Joseph's multicolored coat). The tomb (which has no bones, which makes sense considering that the bones of Joseph were taken back to Israel [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9874#v19 [Exodus 13:19<nowiki>]</nowiki>]), dates to around 200 years before [[the Exodus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statue of Biblical Joseph found: Story covered up! |url=http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/statue-of-biblical-joseph-found-story-covered-up/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=blogs.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

*Barbara Bell of the Harvard College Observatory concluded that during the 12th Dynasty of Egypt, erratic water levels in the [[Nile]] led to crop failure. The 12th Dynasty aligns quite closely with when Joseph would have lived.<ref>http://gizapyramids.org/static/pdf%20library/bell_aja_75_1971.pdf</ref><ref>https://bibleandscience.com/archaeology/exodus.htm</ref>

*Barbara Bell of the Harvard College Observatory concluded that during the 12th Dynasty of Egypt, erratic water levels in the [[Nile]] led to crop failure. The 12th Dynasty aligns quite closely with when Joseph would have lived.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Barbara |title=The Dark Ages in Ancient History - 1. The First Dark Age in Egypt |url=http://gizapyramids.org/static/pdf%20library/bell_aja_75_1971.pdf |access-date=18 Jun 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IBSS - Biblical Archaeology - Evidence of the Exodus from Egypt |url=https://bibleandscience.com/archaeology/exodus.htm |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=bibleandscience.com}}</ref>

*In the early 20th century, at the Serabit el-Khadim archaeological site, an inscription was found on one of the proto-sinaitic tablets (Sinai 361), dating back to the 15th century B.C., that mentions the name of [[Moses]], who appears in Exodus during the story of the exile of the Jews from Egypt.<ref>https://patternsofevidence.com/2017/01/19/new-discoveries-indicate-hebrew-was-worlds-oldest-alphabet-part-3/</ref>

*In the early 20th century, at the Serabit el-Khadim archaeological site, an inscription was found on one of the proto-sinaitic tablets (Sinai 361), dating back to the 15th century B.C., that mentions the name of [[Moses]], who appears in Exodus during the story of the exile of the Jews from Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |last=carlpage |date=2017-01-19 |title=Discoveries Indicate Hebrew was World’s Oldest Alphabet - Part 3 |url=https://www.patternsofevidence.com/2017/01/19/new-discoveries-indicate-hebrew-was-worlds-oldest-alphabet-part-3/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Patterns of Evidence |language=en-US}}</ref>

*Laws dealing with the killing of oxen in the Eshnunnic law written in the 20th Century B.C. are strikingly similar to paralleled laws in Exodus.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVvAkZHATkC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA292</ref> These laws would not have been known to the Canaanites if the Bible were written some 1400 years after the cultural context surrounding similar laws. [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9882#v28 [Exodus 21:28<nowiki>]</nowiki>]

*Laws dealing with the killing of oxen in the Eshnunnic law written in the 20th Century B.C. are strikingly similar to paralleled laws in Exodus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yaron |first=Reuven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVvAkZHATkC |pages=292 |title=The Laws of Eshnunna |date=1988 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-08534-3 |language=en}}</ref> These laws would not have been known to the Canaanites if the Bible were written some 1400 years after the cultural context surrounding similar laws. [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9882#v28 [Exodus 21:28<nowiki>]</nowiki>]

*There is a stark lack of physical evidence of the physical Exodus of the Jews from Egypt compared to other events in the Bible. This is possibly due to the environment in which they fled. Around 2013, a vehicle used 40 years ago in the Yom Kippur was uncovered under 52 feet (or 16 meters) of sand.<ref>https://reformjudaism.org/exodus-not-fiction</ref> If that is the rate of sinking in the desert, it would be much more difficult to uncover artifacts from an Exodus from over 3000 years ago. If the rate of sinking was constant to what it was during the sample period of the vehicle, any evidence of the Exodus would be over 3,900 feet (1,300 meters) below the surface, or around 75% of a mile.

*There is a stark lack of physical evidence of the physical Exodus of the Jews from Egypt compared to other events in the Bible. This is possibly due to the environment in which they fled. Around 2013, a vehicle used 40 years ago in the Yom Kippur was uncovered under 52 feet (or 16 meters) of sand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Exodus Is Not Fiction |url=https://reformjudaism.org/exodus-not-fiction |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Reform Judaism |language=en}}</ref> If that is the rate of sinking in the desert, it would be much more difficult to uncover artifacts from an Exodus from over 3000 years ago. If the rate of sinking was constant to what it was during the sample period of the vehicle, any evidence of the Exodus would be over 3,900 feet (1,300 meters) below the surface, or around 75% of a mile.

== Deuteronomy ==

== Deuteronomy ==