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===Mootness===
 
===Mootness===
 
A case is dismissed under Rule 12(b)(1) if it is found to be [[moot]].
 
A case is dismissed under Rule 12(b)(1) if it is found to be [[moot]].
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“Under Article III of the Constitution, federal courts may adjudicate only actual, ongoing cases or controversies” and do not have “the power ‘to decide questions that cannot affect the rights of litigants in the case before them.’” ''Lewis v. Cont’l Bank Corp.'', 494 U.S. 472, 477 (1990) (quoting ''North Carolina v. Rice'', 404 U.S. 244, 246 (1971)).
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“To qualify as a case fit for federal-court adjudication, ‘an actual controversy must be extant at all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is filed.’” ''Arizonans for Off. Eng. v. Arizona'', 520 U.S. 43, 67 (1997) (quoting ''Preiser v. Newkirk'', 422 U.S. 395, 401 (1975)). “A case becomes moot—and therefore no longer a ‘Case’ or ‘Controversy’ for purposes of Article III—when the issues presented are no longer ‘live’ or the parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.” ''Already, LLC v. Nike, Inc.'', 568 U.S. 85, 91 (2013) (quotation omitted).
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In other words, “[m]ootness applies when intervening circumstances render the court no longer capable of providing meaningful relief to the plaintiff.” ''Ctr. for Biological Diversity, Inc. v. BP Am. Prod. Co.'', 704 F.3d 413, 425 (5th Cir. 2013). Courts may “assume without deciding that standing exists in order to analyze mootness.” ''Friends of the Earth, Inc.'', 528 U.S. at 180 (citing ''Arizonans for Off. Eng.'', 520 U.S. at 66–67).
 
[[Category:Civil Procedure]]
 
[[Category:Civil Procedure]]
 
[[Category:Jurisdiction]]
 
[[Category:Jurisdiction]]
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[[Category:Standing]]
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