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Extra-Biblical evidence of Biblical events (view source)
Revision as of 18:11, August 31, 2023
, 18:11, August 31, 2023y-chromosomal aaron sources from wikipedia for kohanim
*In the early 20th century, at the Serabit el-Khadim archaeological site, an inscription was found on one of the proto-sinaitic tablets (Sinai 361), dating back to the 15th century B.C., that mentions the name of [[Moses]], who appears in Exodus during the story of the exile of the Jews from Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |last=carlpage |date=2017-01-19 |title=Discoveries Indicate Hebrew was World’s Oldest Alphabet - Part 3 |url=https://www.patternsofevidence.com/2017/01/19/new-discoveries-indicate-hebrew-was-worlds-oldest-alphabet-part-3/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Patterns of Evidence |language=en-US}}</ref>
*In the early 20th century, at the Serabit el-Khadim archaeological site, an inscription was found on one of the proto-sinaitic tablets (Sinai 361), dating back to the 15th century B.C., that mentions the name of [[Moses]], who appears in Exodus during the story of the exile of the Jews from Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |last=carlpage |date=2017-01-19 |title=Discoveries Indicate Hebrew was World’s Oldest Alphabet - Part 3 |url=https://www.patternsofevidence.com/2017/01/19/new-discoveries-indicate-hebrew-was-worlds-oldest-alphabet-part-3/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Patterns of Evidence |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Laws dealing with the killing of oxen in the Eshnunnic law written in the 20th Century B.C. are strikingly similar to paralleled laws in Exodus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yaron |first=Reuven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVvAkZHATkC |pages=292 |title=The Laws of Eshnunna |date=1988 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-08534-3 |language=en}}</ref> These laws would not have been known to the Canaanites if the Bible were written some 1400 years after the cultural context surrounding similar laws. [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9882#v28 [Exodus 21:28<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
*Laws dealing with the killing of oxen in the Eshnunnic law written in the 20th Century B.C. are strikingly similar to paralleled laws in Exodus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yaron |first=Reuven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVvAkZHATkC |pages=292 |title=The Laws of Eshnunna |date=1988 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-08534-3 |language=en}}</ref> These laws would not have been known to the Canaanites if the Bible were written some 1400 years after the cultural context surrounding similar laws. [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9882#v28 [Exodus 21:28<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
* Modern geneticists scoffed at the idea that the Bible was correct in that all of the [[Kohanim]] are descendants of [[Aaron]], as stated in [https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0228.htm#1 [Exodus 28:1<nowiki>]</nowiki>].<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ostrer H |title=Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-537961-7 |pages=97, 96–101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RayZR3V1SFwC&pg=PT69 |quote=This finding generated considerable excitement, because it was taken as evidence of the fidelity of an oral tradition extending over millennia... it has been discovered this Y-chromosomal set of markers is not unique to Jewish men... this record refutes the idea of a single founder for Jewish Cohanim who lived in Biblical times... Y-chromosomal analysis of Levites has demonstrated multiple origins that depend on the Diaspora community from which they came—they are not all the descendants of tribal founder Levi.}}
</ref> In more recent times, evidence has shown that Kohanim share close genetic links that do not exist in non-Kohanim Jewish or non-Jewish populations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Behar DM, Saag L, Karmin M, Gover MG, Wexler JD, Sanchez LF, Greenspan E, Kushniarevich A, Davydenko O, Sahakyan H, Yepiskoposyan L, Boattini A, Sarno S, Pagani L, Carmi S, Tzur S, Metspalu E, Bormans C, Skorecki K, Metspalu M, Rootsi S, Villems R | display-authors = 6 | title = The genetic variation in the R1a clade among the Ashkenazi Levites' Y chromosome | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 14969 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 29097670 | pmc = 5668307 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-017-14761-7 | quote = Remarkably, the five Ashkenazi Cohen samples formed the tight cluster J1b-B877, shared only with one Yemenite, one Bulgarian and one Moroccan Cohen coalescing ~2,570 ybp (Table 1). | bibcode = 2017NatSR...714969B }}
</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sahakyan H, Margaryan A, Saag L, Karmin M, Flores R, Haber M, Kushniarevich A, Khachatryan Z, Bahmanimehr A, Parik J, Karafet T, Yunusbayev B, Reisberg T, Solnik A, Metspalu E, Hovhannisyan A, Khusnutdinova EK, Behar DM, Metspalu M, Yepiskoposyan L, Rootsi S, Villems R | display-authors = 6 | title = Origin and diffusion of human Y chromosome haplogroup J1-M267 | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 6659 | date = March 2021 | pmid = 33758277 | pmc = 7987999 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-021-85883-2 | bibcode = 2021NatSR..11.6659S | quote = Another sub-branch—J1a1a1a1a1a1a2-B877—is specific to the Jewish Cohens [...] Its TMRCA of ~ 3.2 kya (95% HPD = 2.4–4.0 kya) overlaps with the previous estimate.}}</ref>
*There is a stark lack of physical evidence of the physical Exodus of the Jews from Egypt compared to other events in the Bible. This is possibly due to the environment in which they fled. Around 2013, a vehicle used 40 years ago in the Yom Kippur was uncovered under 52 feet (or 16 meters) of sand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Exodus Is Not Fiction |url=https://reformjudaism.org/exodus-not-fiction |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Reform Judaism |language=en}}</ref> If that is the rate of sinking in the desert, it would be much more difficult to uncover artifacts from an Exodus from over 3000 years ago. If the rate of sinking was constant to what it was during the sample period of the vehicle, any evidence of the Exodus would be over 3,900 feet (1,300 meters) below the surface, or around 75% of a mile.
*There is a stark lack of physical evidence of the physical Exodus of the Jews from Egypt compared to other events in the Bible. This is possibly due to the environment in which they fled. Around 2013, a vehicle used 40 years ago in the Yom Kippur was uncovered under 52 feet (or 16 meters) of sand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Exodus Is Not Fiction |url=https://reformjudaism.org/exodus-not-fiction |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Reform Judaism |language=en}}</ref> If that is the rate of sinking in the desert, it would be much more difficult to uncover artifacts from an Exodus from over 3000 years ago. If the rate of sinking was constant to what it was during the sample period of the vehicle, any evidence of the Exodus would be over 3,900 feet (1,300 meters) below the surface, or around 75% of a mile.