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[[File:Bobby Fischer smiling 1972.jpg|left|thumb|Bobby Fischer in [[Amsterdam]], Jan. 1, 1972]]

[[File:Bobby Fischer smiling 1972.jpg|left|thumb|Bobby Fischer in [[Amsterdam]], Jan. 1, 1972]]

[[File:Bobby Fischer 1972.jpg|right|thumb|Bobby Fischer in Amsterdam in 1972, around the time he won the world [[chess]] championship.]]

[[File:Bobby Fischer 1972.jpg|right|thumb|Bobby Fischer in Amsterdam in 1972, around the time he won the world [[chess]] championship.]]

'''Robert James Fischer''' (1943-2008<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/18/obituaries/18cnd-fischer.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin</ref>), popularly known as Bobby Fischer, was the only [[United States of America|American]] to become the official world [[chess]] champion<ref>[[Paul Morphy]] of [[Louisiana]] was widely regarded as the #1 player in the world in the 1850s, but this was in an era before an official world champion was determined.</ref> when he defeated [[USSR|Soviet]] grandmaster Boris Spassky in a 1972 match in [[Iceland]]. Fischer's championship was the culmination of a record-setting 20 consecutive victories in qualifying tournaments, which included two 6-0 records in the "[[Candidates Tournament]]s" in 1971. He was by far the highest rated player in the first official FIDE ratings, as published in July 1971, and Fischer is the only person to win the [[U.S. Chess Championship|U.S. championship]] with a perfect score (11 wins in 11 games, at age 20 in 1963-64).

'''Robert James Fischer''' (1943-2008<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/18/obituaries/18cnd-fischer.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin</ref>), popularly known as Bobby Fischer, was the only [[United States of America|American]] to become the official world [[chess]] champion<ref>[[Paul Morphy]] of [[Louisiana]] was widely regarded as the #1 player in the world in the 1850s, but this was in an era before an official world champion was determined.</ref> when he defeated [[USSR|Soviet]] grandmaster Boris Spassky in a 1972 match in [[Iceland]]. Fischer's championship was the culmination of a record-setting 20 consecutive victories in qualifying tournaments, which included two 6-0 records in the "[[Candidates Tournament]]s" in 1971. He was by far the highest rated player in the first official FIDE ratings, as published in July 1971, and Fischer is the only person to win the [[U.S. Chess Championship|U.S. championship]] with a perfect score (11 wins in 11 games, at age 20 in 1963–64).

Fischer was also superb at [[speed chess]], and won the first unofficial world [[blitz chess]] title in 1970.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/nov/06/chess-magnus-carlsen-showboats-his-bullet-skills-with-11-straight-wins</ref>  While growing up, he learned [[Russia]]n on his own, in order to study Russian chess literature.

Fischer was also superb at [[speed chess]], and won the first unofficial world [[blitz chess]] title in 1970.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/nov/06/chess-magnus-carlsen-showboats-his-bullet-skills-with-11-straight-wins</ref>  While growing up, he learned [[Russia]]n on his own, in order to study Russian chess literature.

== Criticism of Communists in Candidates Tournament ==

== Criticism of Communists in Candidates Tournament ==

[[Image:Fischer wideweb 430x408.jpg|right|thumb|Bobby Fischer playing chess against [[Boris Spassky]] in 1974.]]

[[Image:Fischer wideweb 430x408.jpg|right|thumb|Bobby Fischer playing chess against [[Boris Spassky]] in 1974.]]

Bobby Fischer courageously exposed the cheating by [[communist]] [[Soviet Union]] players whereby they would collusively play each other to draws, thereby puffing each others' scores, while trying harder against non-Soviet players such as Fischer.  In the the 1962 Candidates Tournament in Curaçao, the Soviet players apparently teamed up with other to reach scores of 17½ points (winner) and two at 17 points, thereby exceeding Fischer with 14 points.  A careful analysis of the games demonstrates that Fischer was right in complaining about the unfair collusion by the Soviet players.  Ultimately chess organizers agreed with Fischer and changed the rules to reduce the possibility of collusion by players.

Bobby Fischer courageously exposed the cheating by [[communist]] [[Soviet Union]] players whereby they would collusively play each other to draws, thereby puffing each other's scores, while trying harder against non-Soviet players such as Fischer.  In the 1962 Candidates Tournament in Curaçao, the Soviet players apparently teamed up with other to reach scores of 17½ points (winner) and two at 17 points, thereby exceeding Fischer with 14 points.  A careful analysis of the games demonstrates that Fischer was right in complaining about the unfair collusion by the Soviet players.  Ultimately chess organizers agreed with Fischer and changed the rules to reduce the possibility of collusion by players.

==Paranoia and Offensive Statements==

==Paranoia and Offensive Statements==

Late in life and prevented by the [[United States]] from returning as a free man, Fischer (whose mother was Jewish and he had many Jewish friends and admirers) made [[anti-Semitic]] and [[Anti-Americanism|anti-American]] remarks in the media over the next ten years.  While in his never-ending exile, he praised of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] when he stated "well, this is all wonderful news. It's time for the [expletive] US to get their heads kicked in. It's time to finish off the US once and for all."<ref>''Bobby Fischer on September 11, 2001'' Transcript [http://everything2.org/index.pl?node_id=1214006 everything2org]. Accessed 18 January 2008. The interview can also be heard on YouTube, but does contain the uncensored expletives.</ref> This cost him his membership in the United States Chess Federation (USCF), which has since been restored. This was generally viewed as symbolic, since Fischer not only did not play chess anymore, and his angry comments may have been due to how the United States was attempting to extradite and imprison him for having played a harmless game of chess contrary to so-called international law.  In 2004, Fischer was arrested in [[Japan]], and afterward took [[asylum]] in [[Iceland]]. He died of [[kidney]] failure in January 2008.

Late in life and prevented by the [[United States]] from returning as a free man, Fischer (whose mother was Jewish and he had many Jewish friends and admirers) made [[anti-Semitic]] and [[Anti-Americanism|anti-American]] remarks in the media over the next ten years.  While in his never-ending exile, he praised of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] when he stated "well, this is all wonderful news. It's time for the [expletive] US to get their heads kicked in. It's time to finish off the US once and for all."<ref>''Bobby Fischer on September 11, 2001'' Transcript [http://everything2.org/index.pl?node_id=1214006 everything2org]. Accessed 18 January 2008. The interview can also be heard on YouTube, but does contain the uncensored expletives.</ref> This cost him his membership in the United States Chess Federation (USCF), which has since been restored. This was generally viewed as symbolic, since Fischer not only did not play chess anymore, and his angry comments may have been due to how the United States was attempting to extradite and imprison him for having played a harmless game of chess contrary to so-called international law.  In 2004, Fischer was arrested in [[Japan]], and afterward took [[asylum]] in [[Iceland]]. He died of [[kidney]] failure in January 2008.

Fischer often signed his name as “Robert James” and demanded to be excised from a Jewish encyclopedia, for several reasons including that he was uncircumcised.<ref>https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer</ref>  According to Grandmaster Larry Evans, Fischer had once told him that he admired [[Hitler]] because "he imposed his will on the world."  At a 1992 press conference, Bobby Fischer called communism, rightly enough, “a mask for Bolshevism,” but he then stunned his audience by calling Bolshevism “a mask for Judaism.”  In January 14, 1999, during an interview on Filipino radio, Bobby Fischer said, “You know they [Jews] invented the [[Holocaust]] story. There’s no such. There was no Holocaust of the Jews in [[World War II]].”  Bobby Fischer also admitted to belief in a “giant conspiracy of the Jewish world government.” Yet, despite, Bobby Fischer's openly anti-Semitic remarks, he had several close Jewish friends. According to the American Jewish master Ron Gross: "Bobby says we’re all victims of the conspiracy."

Fischer often signed his name as “Robert James” and demanded to be excised from a Jewish encyclopedia, for several reasons including that he was uncircumcised.<ref>https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer</ref>  According to Grandmaster Larry Evans, Fischer had once told him that he admired [[Hitler]] because "he imposed his will on the world."  At a 1992 press conference, Bobby Fischer called communism, rightly enough, “a mask for Bolshevism,” but he then stunned his audience by calling Bolshevism “a mask for Judaism.”  On January 14, 1999, during an interview on Filipino radio, Bobby Fischer said, “You know they [Jews] invented the [[Holocaust]] story. There’s no such. There was no Holocaust of the Jews in [[World War II]].”  Bobby Fischer also admitted to belief in a “giant conspiracy of the Jewish world government.” Yet, despite, Bobby Fischer's openly anti-Semitic remarks, he had several close Jewish friends. According to the American Jewish master Ron Gross: "Bobby says we’re all victims of the conspiracy."

== Bobby Fischer and exercise to increase mental performance ==

== Bobby Fischer and exercise to increase mental performance ==

[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]

[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]

[[Category:American Jews]]

[[Category:American Jews]]

[[Category:inventors]]

[[Category:Inventors]]