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In those three centuries, the Spanish Catholic Monarchy, which was never called the Spanish Empire, because the faith unified in its diversities all the peoples that belonged to it, managed to maintain an impossible enterprise in a very long period of time, which can only be understood as a miracle germinated in a will of steel. The unity of these peoples by means of a Crown that represented a leap in their development and a spiritual elevation, fused in their souls the ''ethos'' and the ''tellus'', the being of their souls with their land, gave them the final meaning to their lives, consolidated the ''pathos'' that is the understanding with the other. If there is an aboriginal philosophy, it is an heir of Greece and Spain, which had integrated them into the world.  

In those three centuries, the Spanish Catholic Monarchy, which was never called the Spanish Empire, because the faith unified in its diversities all the peoples that belonged to it, managed to maintain an impossible enterprise in a very long period of time, which can only be understood as a miracle germinated in a will of steel. The unity of these peoples by means of a Crown that represented a leap in their development and a spiritual elevation, fused in their souls the ''ethos'' and the ''tellus'', the being of their souls with their land, gave them the final meaning to their lives, consolidated the ''pathos'' that is the understanding with the other. If there is an aboriginal philosophy, it is an heir of Greece and Spain, which had integrated them into the world.  

To be Spanish meant for them to understand what it means to be owners of their lands and builders of their destinies. One day, the mists of revolution intrude into that spiritual clarity that was in their lives, and with it they lose all their rights. From being owners of their lands they become permanent exiles, thus losing all dominion in the full sense of the word. They no longer have dominion over their lives. That is why the indigenous people of southern Chile said to [[Charles Darwin]] a few years after the secession of Hispanic America: "You see us as poor now, but it was not like that when we had our king".

To be Spanish meant for them to understand what it means to be owners of their lands and builders of their destinies. One day, the mists of revolution intrude into that spiritual clarity that was in their lives, and with it they lose all their rights. From being owners of their lands they become permanent exiles, thus losing all dominion in the full sense of the word. They no longer have dominion over their lives. That is why the indigenous people of southern Chile said to [[Charles Darwin]] a few years after the secession of Hispanic America: "You see us as poor now, but it was not like that when we had our king".

That is the legacy of the "liberators": to have collaborated with little political awareness to a global and foreign strategy of domination over Hispanic America. Perhaps that is why Belgrano, Bolivar, San Martin and Aguinaldo expressed their regrets later.

That is the legacy of the "liberators": to have collaborated with little political awareness to a global and foreign strategy of domination over Hispanic America. Perhaps that is why Belgrano, Bolivar, San Martin and Aguinaldo expressed their regrets later.<ref name=Lons/>

In Asia they traded with the Spanish Currency, until the Empire disappeared and was replaced by the [[Pound|British Pound]] that took the Asian market and we with poverty disguised as freedom. Most of the Indians were loyal royalists, because they trusted more in their kingdom-to-kingdom pacts than in the promises of the criollos.<ref>Patricio Lons</ref><ref>Suereños a las Armas, 2019, Ángelo Guiñez Jarpa</ref>

Spain had built a large empire, primarily in South America and Central America; most of the colonies revolted about 1820, and many of the remainder were lost in 1898. Historians explain the collapse on an anticolonial, national consciousness among Creoles; peninsular misrule and economic mismanagement; and the seismic effects of geopolitical upheaval, particularly the Napoleonic occupation of Spain.<ref>Gabriel Paquette, "The Dissolution of the Spanish Atlantic Monarchy". ''Historical Journal'' 2009 52(1): 175-212</ref>

 

The "Hispanic monarchy", ''rectius'' the "Catholic monarchy", as it was known, corresponds to Christendom.

Christianity, perhaps not to the greater Christianity of the so-called "media", but at least to another of smaller radius which, within a not so small world, wanted to continue to be a part of it. But at least to another of smaller radius that, in the bosom of a not so small world, wanted to continue the furrow of that one with the civilization of the Baroque.

It was, therefore, a reality of unequivocal political sign. it was broken, on both shores of the common nation, by the liberal revolution on the eastern side and on the western side - in addition - by the secession desired by England. those who opposed the first were called royalists and finally would be the Carlists. But the dynastic quarrel does not hide its moral and doctrinal entrails, which those who resisted the second did not always succeed in gauging. It was the success of the unholy enterprise that disjointed the cultural and political community.  

It was, therefore, a reality of unequivocal political sign. it was broken, on both shores of the common nation, by the liberal revolution on the eastern side and on the western side - in addition - by the secession desired by England. those who opposed the first were called royalists and finally would be the Carlists. But the dynastic quarrel does not hide its moral and doctrinal entrails, which those who resisted the second did not always succeed in gauging. It was the success of the unholy enterprise that disjointed the cultural and political community.  

Only time healed the wounds: thus emerged - as a substitute term - Hispanidad. which, excluding the political dimension, was based on deep religious, moral and cultural foundations. hence the so-called "patriots" continued to be the object of general worship. and also the "others", the creole realists, were forgotten. it is true that the Novogranadinian Luis Corsi Otálora, the Peruvian Fernán Altuve-Febres or the Rioplatean Manuel González have left us some valuable testimonies about them.<ref>Miguel Ayuso Torres (Madrid, 1961)</ref>

Only time healed the wounds: thus emerged - as a substitute term - Hispanidad. which, excluding the political dimension, was based on deep religious, moral and cultural foundations. hence the so-called "patriots" continued to be the object of general worship. and also the "others", the creole realists, were forgotten. it is true that the Novogranadinian Luis Corsi Otálora, the Peruvian Fernán Altuve-Febres or the Rioplatean Manuel González have left us some valuable testimonies about them.<ref name=Ayuso/>

 

Spain had built a large empire, primarily in South America and Central America; most of the colonies revolted about 1820, and many of the remainder were lost in 1898. Historians explain the collapse on an anticolonial, national consciousness among Creoles; peninsular misrule and economic mismanagement; and the seismic effects of geopolitical upheaval, particularly the Napoleonic occupation of Spain.<ref>Gabriel Paquette, "The Dissolution of the Spanish Atlantic Monarchy". ''Historical Journal'' 2009 52(1): 175-212</ref>

Internally, Spain was in turmoil, with three wars over the succession issue; the Carlist Wars that pitted conservative against liberal and led to the brief ousting of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873–74); and, finally, the [[Spanish-American War]] of 1898, in which Spain lost [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], and the [[Philippines]] to the United States.

Internally, Spain was in turmoil, with three wars over the succession issue; the Carlist Wars that pitted conservative against liberal and led to the brief ousting of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873–74); and, finally, the [[Spanish-American War]] of 1898, in which Spain lost [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], and the [[Philippines]] to the United States.