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<tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:large;" class="fn" BGCOLOR="cyan">Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus

<tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">[[Princeps]]

! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; padding:4px;" | Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus

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[[Image:397px-Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Augustus of the Prima Porta]].'' Discussed extensively in Zanker's text (cited ''infra''), the statue exemplifies Augustus' shift towards a Greek-influenced portraiture.]]<br />

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:4px;" | [[Image:397px-Statue-Augustus.jpg|220px|thumb|Augustus of the Prima Porta]]

<tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger" BGCOLOR="cyan">Roman emperor

|-

<tr><th>Reign<td>

16 January 27 BC – <br />

| Princeps; Roman Emperor

19 August 14 AD

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<tr><th>Predecessor<td>[[Roman Republic]]

! Reign

<tr><th>Successor<td>[[Tiberius]]

| 16 January 27 BC – 19 August AD 14  

<tr><th>Born<td>

'''Gaius Octavius Thurinus'''<br />23 September 63 BC<br />[[Rome]], [[Italy]]

! Predecessor

| [[Roman Republic]]  

! Successor

| [[Tiberius]]  

! Born

| '''Gaius Octavius Thurinus'''<br>23 September 63 BC<br>[[Rome]], Italy

| 19 August AD 14<br>[[Nola]], Italy  

| [[Consul]] (43, 33, 31–23, 5, 2 BC)<br>[[Triumvir]] (43–27 BC)<br>[[Pontifex Maximus]] (from 12 BC)

'''Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus''' (born '''Gaius Octavius Thurinus'''; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) otherwise known as '''Augustus Caesar''', '''Caesar Augustus''', or simply by his [[agnomen]] '''Augustus''' or by his birth [[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]] of '''Octavian'''. He was the founder of the [[principate]] system of Roman imperial rule upon the collaps of the [[Roman Republic]] and reigned as the first Roman emperor ushering the Roman world into its [[Pax Romana]].

[[Claudia]] (m. 42 BC; div. 40 BC)<br />

[[Scribonia]] (m. 40 BC; div. 38 BC)<br />

[[Livia]] (m. 37 BC)

[[Consul]] (43, 33, 31-23, 5, 2 BC)<br />

The 23rd of September 63 BC saw the first screams of the infant born ''Gaius Octavius'' from a small property known as 'Ox Head' on the [[Palatine Hill]] in [[Rome]], [[Italy]].  His father's family (gens Octavius), while being of [[plebeian]] rank evidenced a high rank therein as they came from the nearby town of [[Velletri]] where the main street was named 'Octavius' and the altar there dedicated by an Octavius.<ref>[[Suetonius]], ''The Twelve Caesars'', Augustus</ref> While his mother [[Atia]] (then about 22 years old) was the daughter to [[Gaius Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar's]] older sister [[Julia Minor]]; this made young ''Gaius Octavius'' the great nephew of [[Gaius Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]].

[[Triumvir]] (43–27 BC)<br />

[[Pontifex Maximus]] (from 12 BC)

'''Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus''' (born '''Gaius Octavius Thurinus'''; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) otherwise known as '''Augustus Caesar''', '''Caesar Augustus''', or simply by his [[agnomen]] '''Augustus''' or by his birth [[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]] of '''Octavian'''.  He was the founder of the [[principate]] system of Roman imperial rule upon the collaps of the [[Roman Republic]] and reigned as the first Roman emperor ushering the Roman world into its [[Pax Romana]].

It is believed that the [[cognomen]] of ''Thurinus'' was added to young ''Octavian's'' name as a celebration of his victory over some slaves of  

The man who would later become Augustus was born as Octavian from the gens Julia, an extremely ancient Roman family of [[patrician]]s.  The Julii were, despite their nobility, fairly unknown before [[Julius Caesar]] revived the fame of the clan, and were also fairly poor, despite their claim to direct descent from the goddess [[Venus]].  During his childhood Octavian was educated in Greek [[philosophy]] in [[Athens]].  His mother was [[Atia]], and he had a sister, [[Octavia Minor]].

The man who would later become Augustus was born as Octavian from the gens Julia, an extremely ancient Roman family of [[patrician]]s.  The Julii were, despite their nobility, fairly unknown before [[Julius Caesar]] revived the fame of the clan, and were also fairly poor, despite their claim to direct descent from the goddess [[Venus]].  During his childhood Octavian was educated in Greek [[philosophy]] in [[Athens]].  His mother was [[Atia]], and he had a sister, [[Octavia Minor]].

On his deathbed, Augustus is said to have uttered a number of cryptic remarks.  First, he is said to have uttered, “have I not played my part well?  Then all clap as the actor leaves the stage,” perhaps suggesting that Augustus did indeed intend Rome to be a monarchy, with him as a democratic leader in name only.  He is also said to have remarked, “behold, for I found Rome of clay, and I leave her to you of marble.”

On his deathbed, Augustus is said to have uttered a number of cryptic remarks.  First, he is said to have uttered, “have I not played my part well?  Then all clap as the actor leaves the stage,” perhaps suggesting that Augustus did indeed intend Rome to be a monarchy, with him as a democratic leader in name only.  He is also said to have remarked, “behold, for I found Rome of clay, and I leave her to you of marble.”

== References ==

== References ==