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However, some [[Political science|political scientists]] maintain that political division is mainly driven by other political dichotomies other than two party politics or [[right-wing]] vs. [[leftism]] such as [[religion|religious]] vs. [[Secular|irreligious/nonreligious]], [[nationalism]] vs. [[globalism]], [[traditional]]ism against [[modernism]], or rural against urban.<ref>Chinn, Sedona; Hart, P. Sol; Soroka, Stuart (February 2020). "[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764218759576 Politicization and Polarization in Climate Change News Content], 1985-2017". Science Communication. 42 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1177/1075547019900290. S2CID 212781410.</ref>

However, some [[Political science|political scientists]] maintain that political division is mainly driven by other political dichotomies other than two party politics or [[right-wing]] vs. [[leftism]] such as [[religion|religious]] vs. [[Secular|irreligious/nonreligious]], [[nationalism]] vs. [[globalism]], [[traditional]]ism against [[modernism]], or rural against urban.<ref>Chinn, Sedona; Hart, P. Sol; Soroka, Stuart (February 2020). "[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764218759576 Politicization and Polarization in Climate Change News Content], 1985-2017". Science Communication. 42 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1177/1075547019900290. S2CID 212781410.</ref>

[[Parliament|Parliamentary]] systems of government can also have political polarization such as [[Euroskepticism]] vs. pro-[[European Union]] (See also: [[Brexit]]).<ref>Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337.</ref> In [[Germany]], the Green Party of Germany, which promotes [[environmentalism]], has a significant amount of political influence due to their coalition with the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) and in 2021 the Green Party captured 15% of the vote.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Party-of-Germany Green Party of Germany], Britannica</ref>  See: [[Conservation vs. environmentalism]]

[[Parliament|Parliamentary]] systems of government can also have political polarization such as [[Euroskepticism]] vs. pro-[[European Union]] (See also: [[Brexit]]).<ref>Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337.</ref> In [[Germany]], the [[Green Party]] of Germany, which promotes [[environmentalism]], has a significant amount of political influence due to their coalition with the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) and in 2021 the Green Party captured 15% of the vote.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Party-of-Germany Green Party of Germany], Britannica</ref>  See: [[Conservation vs. environmentalism]]

In one-party political systems, such as [[communism|communist]] China which has the [[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cult of personality|cults of personalities]] have developed such as ones developed around [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Xi Jinping]].<ref>[https://archive.ph/UsNdw#selection-887.13-887.112 How Mao Zedong built up his cult of personality – from new Frank Dikötter book How to be a Dictator], South China Morning Post, 2019</ref><ref>[https://journals.library.cornell.edu/tmpfiles/CIAR_9_2_3.pdf Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping: The Chinese Dream as a Leader Symbol], Cornell International Affairs Review, 2016</ref> In such situations, there is a political division based on those who are part of the cult of personality and those who are not.  

In one-party political systems, such as [[communism|communist]] China which has the [[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cult of personality|cults of personalities]] have developed such as ones developed around [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Xi Jinping]].<ref>[https://archive.ph/UsNdw#selection-887.13-887.112 How Mao Zedong built up his cult of personality – from new Frank Dikötter book How to be a Dictator], South China Morning Post, 2019</ref><ref>[https://journals.library.cornell.edu/tmpfiles/CIAR_9_2_3.pdf Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping: The Chinese Dream as a Leader Symbol], Cornell International Affairs Review, 2016</ref> In such situations, there is a political division based on those who are part of the cult of personality and those who are not.