Political polarization
In a two party political system, political polarization is "the division of a country’s entire population into two diametrically opposed political camps."[2] In two party systems of political governance, political division is primarily driven by binary political ideologies and partisan political identities.[3]
However, some political scientists maintain that political division is mainly driven by other political dichotomies other than two party politics or right-wing vs. leftism such as religious vs. irreligious/nonreligious, nationalism vs. globalism, traditionalism against modernism, or rural against urban.[4]
Parliamentary systems of government can also have political polarization such as Euroskepticism vs. pro-European Union (See also: Brexit).[5] In Germany, the Green Party of Germany, which promotes environmentalism, has a significant amount of political influence due to their coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and in 2021 the Green Party captured 15% of the vote.[6] See: Conservation vs. environmentalism
In one-party political systems, such as communist China which has the Chinese Communist Party, cults of personalities have developed such as ones developed around Mao Zedong and Xi Jinping.[7][8] In such situations, there is a political division based on those who are part of the cult of personality and those who are not.
External links
- Political Polarization in the American Public, Pew Research
References
- ↑ DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.
- ↑ Political polarization - Britannica
- ↑ DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.
- ↑ Chinn, Sedona; Hart, P. Sol; Soroka, Stuart (February 2020). "Politicization and Polarization in Climate Change News Content, 1985-2017". Science Communication. 42 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1177/1075547019900290. S2CID 212781410.
- ↑ Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337.
- ↑ Green Party of Germany, Britannica
- ↑ How Mao Zedong built up his cult of personality – from new Frank Dikötter book How to be a Dictator, South China Morning Post, 2019
- ↑ Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping: The Chinese Dream as a Leader Symbol, Cornell International Affairs Review, 2016
