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The '''United Nations Security Council''' (UNSC) is an organization within the [[United Nations]] that has the job of keeping peace among member nations. One aspect of this group is that they have the authority to order member nations to do as the Council decides.  Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter gives the UN a right to use military force against offending nations, while also strictly limiting the circumstances in which this right can be invoked.  This right has been exercised three times:  the [[Korean War]], the [[Gulf War]] and the invasion of [[Afghanistan]] in 2001.  Whether or not Chapter VII is invoked, these orders are known as the United Nations Security Council Resolutions.

The '''United Nations Security Council''' (UNSC) is an organization within the [[United Nations]] that has the job of keeping peace among member nations. One aspect of this group is that they have the authority to order member nations to do as the Council decides.  Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter gives the UN a right to use military force against offending nations, while also strictly limiting the circumstances in which this right can be invoked.  This right has been exercised three times:  the [[Korean War]], the [[Gulf War]] and the invasion of [[Afghanistan]] in 2001.  Whether or not Chapter VII is invoked, these orders are known as the United Nations Security Council Resolutions.

There are fifteen members, five of which are permanent and the rest rotating in two-year terms. The permanent members are the [[United States]], [[Russia]], [[France]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[China]].  Any permanent member can veto any resolution even if it has the support of all fourteen other members of the Council.  Accordingly, the UN was seen as weaker during the [[Cold War]] because the [[Soviet Union]] (original holder of Russia's permanent seat) and the United States could cancel each other's desired initiatives.  A threatened veto by Russia and France prevented the Security Council in 2003 from passing a second resolution ordering the use of force against [[Iraq]].  The United States proceeded with [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] with a "coalition of the willing" to enforce previous Security Council resolutions.

There are fifteen members, five of which are permanent and the rest rotating in two-year terms. The permanent members are the [[United States]], [[Russia]], [[France]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[China]].  Any permanent member can veto any resolution even if it has the support of all fourteen other members of the Council.  Accordingly, the UN was seen as weaker during the [[Cold War]] because the [[Soviet Union]] (original holder of Russia's permanent seat) and the United States could cancel each other's desired initiatives.  

In the absence of a veto, a resolution passes with the support of nine members of the Council (a [[supermajority]] of 60%).  In theory, this means that all permanent members could abstain from voting (which they do frequently, although not in a bloc) and a resolution could still pass.

In the absence of a veto, a resolution passes with the support of nine members of the Council (a [[supermajority]] of 60%).  In theory, this means that all permanent members could abstain from voting (which they do frequently, although not in a bloc) and a resolution could still pass.

The effectiveness of the Security Council has been criticized because there are no penalties for violating their resolutions (such as in [[Darfur]]).

The effectiveness of the Security Council has been criticized because there are no penalties for violating their resolutions (such as in [[Darfur]]).

==See also==

==See also==