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The county has a land area of 2,018 square miles, with a population of around 800,000 according to Wikishire in 2024. It is predominantly rural, although the south-east of the county contains several former coal mining towns and villages. The county town is [[Morpeth]], while the largest settlement is the city of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]; other important towns include [[Berwick upon Tweed]], [[Alnwick]], [[Hexham]], Haltwhistle, [[North Shields]] and [[Tynemouth]].
The county has a land area of 2,018 square miles, with a population of around 800,000 according to Wikishire in 2024. It is predominantly rural, although the south-east of the county contains several former coal mining towns and villages. The county town is [[Morpeth]], while the largest settlement is the city of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]; other important towns include [[Berwick upon Tweed]], [[Alnwick]], [[Hexham]], Haltwhistle, [[North Shields]] and [[Tynemouth]].
Northumberland is one of the most ancient counties in England, with a distinct identity (as part of the old Anglo-Saxon kingdom of [[Northumbria]]) dating back to the mid-7th century AD. [[Hadrian's Wall]] crosses the southern part of Northumberland; other major historic sites in the county include the island of [[Lindisfarne]] or [[Holy Island]], and medieval fortresses at Bamburgh, Norham, Dunstanburgh, Alnwick, Warkworth and elsewhere. In Berwick, Northumberland has England's only sixteenth century walled town. The traditional county of Northumberland also included areas of [[Tyneside]] north of the [[River Tyne]] including the city of [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] (which, however, was made an independent county as early as 1400) and [[North Tyneside]]. These two districts became part of the administrative and ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear in 1974.
The south east of the county is predominantly urban, and contains part of the [[Tyneside]] built-up area, which is centred on Newcastle upon Tyne. The majority of the county, especially the north and west, with the Cheviot Hills straddling the border with Scotland.
Northumberland is one of the most ancient counties in England, with a distinct identity (as part of the old Anglo-Saxon kingdom of [[Northumbria]]) dating back to the mid-7th century AD. [[Hadrian's Wall]] crosses the southern part of Northumberland; other major historic sites in the county include the island of [[Lindisfarne]] or [[Holy Island]], and medieval fortresses at Bamburgh, Norham, Dunstanburgh, Alnwick, Tynemouth, Newcastle, Warkworth and elsewhere. In Berwick, Northumberland has England's only sixteenth century walled town.
Northumberland is sometimes referred to as the "cradle of Christianity" in England, due to the early activity of monks in the region during the 6th century, especially on Lindisfarne, where a major monastery flourished.
Northumberland is sometimes referred to as the "cradle of Christianity" in England, due to the early activity of monks in the region during the 6th century, especially on Lindisfarne, where a major monastery flourished.