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A secret memo exposed by [[NSA]] [[whistleblower]] [[Edward Snowden]]<ref>https://youtu.be/9u5ecSR_rag</ref> discusses how the [[US]], along with [[British intelligence]], is collecting information “directly from the servers of …[[Microsoft]], [[Yahoo]], [[Google]], [[Facebook]], PalTalk, [[AOL]], [[Skype]], [[YouTube]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].”<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1&utm_term=.c188c8af0ba0</ref>

A secret memo exposed by [[NSA]] [[whistleblower]] [[Edward Snowden]]<ref>https://youtu.be/9u5ecSR_rag</ref> discusses how the [[US]], along with [[British intelligence]], is collecting information “directly from the servers of …[[Microsoft]], [[Yahoo]], [[Google]], [[Facebook]], PalTalk, [[AOL]], [[Skype]], [[YouTube]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].”<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1&utm_term=.c188c8af0ba0</ref>

*''[[The Guardian]]'' story, known as the ''Snowden leaks'', is more evidence [[Obama]] [[Director of National Intelligence]] (DNI) [[James Clapper]] misled [[Congress]] and the public about the true nature and extent of domestic intelligence gathering in his 12 March 2013 sworn testimony before the [[Senate Intelligence Committee]].

 

''[[The Guardian]]'' story, known as the ''Snowden leaks'', is more evidence [[Obama]] [[Director of National Intelligence]] (DNI) [[James Clapper]] misled [[Congress]] and the public about the true nature and extent of domestic intelligence gathering in his 12 March 2013 sworn testimony before the [[Senate Intelligence Committee]].

Training materials provided by Snowden for XKeyscore program detail how analysts can use it and other systems to mine enormous NSA databases by filling in a simple on-screen form giving only a broad justification for the search. The request is not reviewed by a court or any NSA personnel before it is processed. The program covers "nearly everything a typical user does on the internet", including the content of emails, websites visited and searches, as well as their metadata. Under US law, the NSA is required to obtain an individualized [[FISA]] warrant only if the target of their surveillance is a 'US person', though no such warrant is required for intercepting the communications of Americans with foreign targets. But '''XKeyscore provides''' the technological capability, if not '''the legal authority, to target even US persons''' for extensive electronic surveillance '''without a warrant provided''' that some identifying information, such as '''their email or IP address, is known.''' <ref name="theguardian.com">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-secret-surveillance-lawmakers-live</ref>  

Training materials provided by Snowden for XKeyscore program detail how analysts can use it and other systems to mine enormous NSA databases by filling in a simple on-screen form giving only a broad justification for the search. The request is not reviewed by a court or any NSA personnel before it is processed. The program covers "nearly everything a typical user does on the internet", including the content of emails, websites visited and searches, as well as their metadata. Under US law, the NSA is required to obtain an individualized [[FISA]] warrant only if the target of their surveillance is a 'US person', though no such warrant is required for intercepting the communications of Americans with foreign targets. But '''XKeyscore provides''' the technological capability, if not '''the legal authority, to target even US persons''' for extensive electronic surveillance '''without a warrant provided''' that some identifying information, such as '''their email or IP address, is known.''' <ref name="theguardian.com">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-secret-surveillance-lawmakers-live</ref>