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'''Buffalo''' is the second largest of [[New York|New York State]]. Once the nation's 15th largest city, the city has been in demographic decline and now ranked as the 78th.<ref>https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/buffalo-ny-population-by-year/</ref> In recent years, according to United States census data, its population has increased largely due to immigration by 17,000 people from 2010 to 2020 to a population of approximately 280,000 people, after losing more than 50% of its populstion since 1950.<ref>[https://www.wivb.com/news/local-news/buffalo-and-erie-county-see-population-growth-in-2020-census/#:~:text=Based%20on%20the%202020%20Census,working%2C%E2%80%9D%20added%20Mayor%20Brown. Buffalo and Erie County see population growth in 2020 Census]</ref> This was primarily due to being a low income area and both legal and illegal immigration.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/news/tipsheets/2021/020.html In Buffalo, immigrants and refugees drive population growth, improve quality of life, UB expert says], University at Buffalo</ref>  From 2011 to 2019, Buffalo experienced a significant amount of gentrification.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/provost/messages.host.html/content/shared/university/news/news-center-releases/2024/08/zhang-barr-gentrification.detail.html#:~:text=BUFFALO%2C%20N.Y.,a%20University%20at%20Buffalo%20study. Balancing act: UB study links gentrification to reduced crime, but downsides of gentrification can’t be ignored], University of Buffalo</ref><ref>[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189242/ Gentrification and crime in Buffalo, New York], PLoS One. 2024 Jun 20;19(6):e0302832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302832</ref> The Buffalo-Cheektowaga metropolitan area had a population of 1,155,604 people in 2023.<ref>[https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US15380-buffalo-cheektowaga-ny-metro-area/?ref=kirbykersels.com Census reporter]</ref>  

'''Buffalo''' is the second largest of [[New York|New York State]]. Once the nation's 15th largest city, the city has been in demographic decline and now ranked as the 78th.<ref>https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/buffalo-ny-population-by-year/</ref> In recent years, according to United States census data, its population has increased largely due to immigration by 17,000 people from 2010 to 2020 to a population of approximately 280,000 people, after losing more than 50% of its populstion since 1950.<ref>[https://www.wivb.com/news/local-news/buffalo-and-erie-county-see-population-growth-in-2020-census/#:~:text=Based%20on%20the%202020%20Census,working%2C%E2%80%9D%20added%20Mayor%20Brown. Buffalo and Erie County see population growth in 2020 Census]</ref> This was primarily due to being a low income area and both legal and illegal immigration.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/news/tipsheets/2021/020.html In Buffalo, immigrants and refugees drive population growth, improve quality of life, UB expert says], University at Buffalo</ref>  From 2011 to 2019, Buffalo experienced a significant amount of gentrification.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/provost/messages.host.html/content/shared/university/news/news-center-releases/2024/08/zhang-barr-gentrification.detail.html#:~:text=BUFFALO%2C%20N.Y.,a%20University%20at%20Buffalo%20study. Balancing act: UB study links gentrification to reduced crime, but downsides of gentrification can’t be ignored], University of Buffalo</ref><ref>[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189242/ Gentrification and crime in Buffalo, New York], PLoS One. 2024 Jun 20;19(6):e0302832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302832</ref> The Buffalo-Cheektowaga metropolitan area had a population of 1,155,604 people in 2023.<ref>[https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US15380-buffalo-cheektowaga-ny-metro-area/?ref=kirbykersels.com Census reporter]</ref>  

Buffalo suffers from high rates of [[AIDS]],<ref>https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/providers/health_advisories/docs/health_advisory_hiv.pdf</ref> [[divorce]],<ref>https://wibx950.com/new-york-toxic-marriages/</ref> and [[alcoholism]].<ref>https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2024/09/05/rochester-buffalo-ny-among-most-stressed-cities-in-u-s-wallethub-study-heres-why/74970935007/</ref>

Buffalo suffers from high rates of [[AIDS]],<ref>https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/providers/health_advisories/docs/health_advisory_hiv.pdf</ref> [[divorce]],<ref>https://wibx950.com/new-york-toxic-marriages/</ref> and [[alcoholism]].<ref>https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2024/09/05/rochester-buffalo-ny-among-most-stressed-cities-in-u-s-wallethub-study-heres-why/74970935007/</ref>  At night Buffalo does not close up until 4 a.m., later than most cities that shut down by 2 a.m., leaving the city wide open for drug dealing and gang violence.<ref>https://wblk.com/buffalo-ny-gangs/</ref>

Due to its traditionally [[Democrat]] and working-class roots, the [[socialism|socialist]] India Walton was beaten in a mayoral race by the incumbent Democrat Byron Brown. In 2021, the ''New York Post'' reported about one of the mayoral debates: "Fighting to remain Buffalo mayor — incumbent, write-in candidate Byron Brown slammed his opponent, India Walton, as a Democratic socialist and “apologist” for criminals, whose ideas are 'bad at best'."<ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/10/27/byron-brown-slams-socialist-buffalo-mayor-candidate-calls-her-criminal-apologist/ Buffalo debate: Byron Brown slams socialist candidate India Walton, calls her criminal ‘apologist’], New York Post, 2021</ref>

Due to its traditionally [[Democrat]] and working-class roots, the [[socialism|socialist]] India Walton was beaten in a mayoral race by the incumbent Democrat Byron Brown. In 2021, the ''New York Post'' reported about one of the mayoral debates: "Fighting to remain Buffalo mayor — incumbent, write-in candidate Byron Brown slammed his opponent, India Walton, as a Democratic socialist and “apologist” for criminals, whose ideas are 'bad at best'."<ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/10/27/byron-brown-slams-socialist-buffalo-mayor-candidate-calls-her-criminal-apologist/ Buffalo debate: Byron Brown slams socialist candidate India Walton, calls her criminal ‘apologist’], New York Post, 2021</ref>

Buffalo is located in the north west corner of the state, at the eastern end of [[Lake Erie]] and the south end of the [[Niagara River]].  The metropolitan population is 1.2 million people, up from lows in the 1960s when St. Lawrence Seaway was opened changing the flow of trade and the rust belt reorganization of manufacturing jobs. It was reported in 2021 that U.S. census indicated that Buffalo is growing for the first time in 70 years – and that Erie County, New York is growing also.<ref>[https://buffalonews.com/news/local/rod-watson-buffalo-is-growing-not-everyone-got-the-message/article_1f8d2a50-0559-11ec-94c2-9ff1c6f59b90.html Rod Watson: Buffalo is growing? Not everyone got the message], Buffalo News</ref> Buffalo is joined by the Peace Bridge to [[Canada]], and by the [[Erie Canal]] to the [[Hudson River]], and ultimately the [[Atlantic Ocean]].  

Buffalo is located in the north west corner of the state, at the eastern end of [[Lake Erie]] and the south end of the [[Niagara River]].  The metropolitan population is 1.2 million people, up from lows in the 1960s when St. Lawrence Seaway was opened changing the flow of trade and the rust belt reorganization of manufacturing jobs. It was reported in 2021 that U.S. census indicated that Buffalo is growing for the first time in 70 years – and that Erie County, New York is growing also.<ref>[https://buffalonews.com/news/local/rod-watson-buffalo-is-growing-not-everyone-got-the-message/article_1f8d2a50-0559-11ec-94c2-9ff1c6f59b90.html Rod Watson: Buffalo is growing? Not everyone got the message], Buffalo News</ref> Buffalo is joined by the Peace Bridge to [[Canada]], and by the [[Erie Canal]] to the [[Hudson River]], and ultimately the [[Atlantic Ocean]].  

Buffalo has a radial street pattern,<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/951587/radial-city-plan-nine-examples-around-the-world-seen-from-above</ref> and is one of one three cities in the [[United States]] having this beautiful layout.<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/951587/radial-city-plan-nine-examples-around-the-world-seen-from-above</ref>  Buffalo is also exceptional in the amount of flour milling done there, ranking it among the highest in the world along with [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]] (where flour milling began to decline in the late 1930s as electric power began to replace water power). At night Buffalo does not close up until 4 a.m., later than most cities that shut down by 2 a.m., leaving the city wide open for drug dealing and gang violence.<ref>https://wblk.com/buffalo-ny-gangs/</ref>

Buffalo has a radial street pattern,<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/951587/radial-city-plan-nine-examples-around-the-world-seen-from-above</ref> and is one of one three cities in the [[United States]] having this beautiful layout.<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/951587/radial-city-plan-nine-examples-around-the-world-seen-from-above</ref>  Buffalo is also exceptional in the amount of flour milling done there, ranking it among the highest in the world along with [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]] (where flour milling began to decline in the late 1930s as electric power began to replace water power).  

In 2010, ''[[Forbes Magazine]]'' rated Buffalo tenth in the top 10 places to raise a family.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html | title = America's Best Places to Raise a Family | publisher = Forbes.com | first=Francesca | last=Levy | date=June 7, 2010|accessdate=September 25, 2012}}</ref>  

In 2010, ''[[Forbes Magazine]]'' rated Buffalo tenth in the top 10 places to raise a family.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html | title = America's Best Places to Raise a Family | publisher = Forbes.com | first=Francesca | last=Levy | date=June 7, 2010|accessdate=September 25, 2012}}</ref>