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| − | The '''Progressive Era''' from the 1890s to the 1920s, was a major era in American history. It is most famous for political reforms, as proposed by Republicans [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Charles Evans Hughes]] and [[Herbert Hoover]], and Democrat [[Woodrow Wilson]]. The progressive era emphasized efficiency and an end to political corruption, and appealed to well-educated middle class Americans. | + | The '''Progressive Era''' from the tail-end of the 1890s to the 1920s, was a major era in American history. It is most famous for the beginnings of modern political reforms of the first major era of big government, as proposed by Republicans [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Charles Evans Hughes]] and [[Herbert Hoover]], and Democrat [[Woodrow Wilson]]. The progressive era outwardly emphasized efficiency and an end to political corruption as appeals to well-educated middle class Americans, but was only cover for the centralization of power within the halls of government. That centralization led to the birth of the modern [[Administrative State]]. |
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| | The progressives strongly supported education, science, and medicine, and saw ignorance as the main problem to overcome. They wanted to purify society, and most supported prohibition and woman suffrage. [[Jane Addams]] was the most prominent leader outside government. | | The progressives strongly supported education, science, and medicine, and saw ignorance as the main problem to overcome. They wanted to purify society, and most supported prohibition and woman suffrage. [[Jane Addams]] was the most prominent leader outside government. |
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| − | [[Progressive Ideology]] also influenced American business, with entrepreneurs like [[Henry Ford]], [[Andrew Carnegie]], [[John D. Rockefeller]] and [[J. P. Morgan]], who promoted efficiency. They also gave strong support to philanthropy and to religion, especially worldwide Christian missions. | + | [[Progressive Ideology]] also influenced American business, with entrepreneurs like [[Henry Ford]], [[Andrew Carnegie]], [[John D. Rockefeller]] and [[J. P. Morgan]], who promoted efficiency. They also gave strong support to philanthropy and to religion, generally worldwide Christian missions but with a particular focus on emphasizing the [[Social Gospel]] and left-wing [[Social Justice]] initiatives. |
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| | [[Booker T. Washington]] was the leading progressive voice in the African American community. | | [[Booker T. Washington]] was the leading progressive voice in the African American community. |
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| | In 1912 Roosevelt created a new party, the "Progressive Party" to run for president, but he lost and the party faded away. The 1912 party is only a small part of the entire Progressive movement. | | In 1912 Roosevelt created a new party, the "Progressive Party" to run for president, but he lost and the party faded away. The 1912 party is only a small part of the entire Progressive movement. |
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| − | The Progressive Era lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s, and influenced all sectors of American society. From the perspective of conservatives in the 21st century, many aspects of the drive for efficiency and against corruption win wide approval. Liberals are split in their evaluation, with many approving the growth of federal power and others opposed to the middle class moralism of the progressives. | + | The Progressive Era lasted about two decades, from the very end of the 1890s to the 1920s, and influenced all sectors of American society. From the perspective of conservatives in the 21st century, many aspects of the drive for efficiency and against corruption win wide approval. Liberals are split in their evaluation, with many approving the growth of federal power and others opposed to the middle class moralism of the progressives. |
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| | ==Reform ideas== | | ==Reform ideas== |
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| | ==Progressive Politics== | | ==Progressive Politics== |
| | Almost all major politicians declared their adherence to some progressive measures. In politics the most prominent national figures were Republicans [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Robert LaFollette]] and Democrats [[William Jennings Bryan]] and [[Woodrow Wilson]]. On the [[far left]], the [[IWW]] ("Wobblies") opposed Progressivism because they wanted to destroy capitalism and progressivism wanted to strengthen it. The main labor unions, led by [[Samuel Gompers]] of the [[AFL]], were active supporters of the progressive Movement, as were most businessmen. | | Almost all major politicians declared their adherence to some progressive measures. In politics the most prominent national figures were Republicans [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Robert LaFollette]] and Democrats [[William Jennings Bryan]] and [[Woodrow Wilson]]. On the [[far left]], the [[IWW]] ("Wobblies") opposed Progressivism because they wanted to destroy capitalism and progressivism wanted to strengthen it. The main labor unions, led by [[Samuel Gompers]] of the [[AFL]], were active supporters of the progressive Movement, as were most businessmen. |
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| | + | As a general rule, socialists in America met with very little success during this era if not no success at all. Administrative agencies and expertise, driven by progressive politicians, won out compared with domestic battles of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie. For example, Upton Sinclair wrote his book "''[[The Jungle]]''" hoping to create an uprising but was left dumbfounded when the only thing that resulted from his effort was a much-hailed progressive agency. Additionally, socialists did not successfully nationalize any industry into the hands of government while much of government oversight was increased according to progressive doctrine. |
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| | ===Muckraking=== | | ===Muckraking=== |