| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | {{See also|Covid vaccine mandate cases}} | | {{See also|Covid vaccine mandate cases}} |
| | | | |
| − | U.S. Supreme Court: | + | [[U.S. Supreme Court]]: |
| − | *Jacobson v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 25 S. Ct. 358, 49 L. Ed. 643 (1905); | + | *Jacobson v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905); |
| − | *Zucht v. King, 260 U.S. 174, 175-77, 43 S. Ct. 24, 67 L. Ed. 194, 20 Ohio L. Rep. 452 (1922) ("[I]t is within the police power of a state to provide for compulsory vaccination.") | + | *Zucht v. King, 260 U.S. 174, 175-77 (1922) ("[I]t is within the police power of a state to provide for compulsory vaccination.") |
| − | *Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 166-67, 64 S. Ct. 438, 88 L. Ed. 645 (1944) ("The right to practice religion freely does not include liberty to expose the community or the child to communicable disease or the latter to ill health or death.") | + | *Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 166-67 (1944) ("The right to practice religion freely does not include liberty to expose the community or the child to communicable disease or the latter to ill health or death.") |
| | | | |
| | Rational basis review, often rejecting Free Exercise challenges to mandatory vaccination laws: | | Rational basis review, often rejecting Free Exercise challenges to mandatory vaccination laws: |
| | *Miller v. McDonald, No. 24-681, 2025 U.S. App. LEXIS 4839, 2025 WL 665102, at *8 (2d Cir. Mar. 3, 2025) | | *Miller v. McDonald, No. 24-681, 2025 U.S. App. LEXIS 4839, 2025 WL 665102, at *8 (2d Cir. Mar. 3, 2025) |
| − | *We The Patriots USA, Inc. v. Conn. Off. of Early Childhood Dev., 76 F.4th 130, 156 (2d Cir. 2023), cert. denied 144 S. Ct. 2682, 219 L. Ed. 2d 1298 (2024) | + | *We The Patriots USA, Inc. v. Conn. Off. of Early Childhood Dev., 76 F.4th 130, 156 (2d Cir. 2023) |
| − | We The Patriots USA, Inc. v. Hochul, 17 F.4th 266, 290 (2d Cir.) ("Hochul") (per curiam), opinion clarified, 17 F.4th 368 (2d Cir. 2021), cert. denied sub nom. Dr. A v. Hochul, 142 S. Ct. 2569, 213 L. Ed. 2d 1126 (2022) | + | *We The Patriots USA, Inc. v. Hochul, 17 F.4th 266, 290 (2d Cir.) ("Hochul") (per curiam), opinion clarified, 17 F.4th 368 (2d Cir. 2021) |
| − | *Doe, 19 F.4th at 1177-80; Whitlow v. California, 203 F. Supp. 3d 1079, 1086-87 (S.D. Cal. 2016) (denying motion for preliminary injunction against SB 277 and concluding no likelihood of success on the merits for a Free Exercise claim). | + | *Doe, 19 F.4th at 1177-80; |
| | + | *Whitlow v. California, 203 F. Supp. 3d 1079, 1086-87 (S.D. Cal. 2016) (denying motion for preliminary injunction against SB 277 and concluding no likelihood of success on the merits for a Free Exercise claim). |
| | | | |
| | Courts have held that religious exemptions to vaccine mandates go beyond what the Constitution requires: | | Courts have held that religious exemptions to vaccine mandates go beyond what the Constitution requires: |