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Philosophy is accurately described as both the first science and the "Queen of the Sciences".  Until the late 19th century, what is now called "science" was subsumed under [[natural philosophy]].

Philosophy is accurately described as both the first science and the "Queen of the Sciences".  Until the late 19th century, what is now called "science" was subsumed under [[natural philosophy]].

Philosophy in the West has its origins in Ancient Greece, ca. 600 B.C. After the fall of the Roman Empire, much of Greek philosophy was lost to the West, preserved only in the Arab world until the time of the Crusades and the Moorish conquest of Spain.  Contact with Arab philosophers (especially al-Ghazali, who developed a version of the [[Cosmological argument]] and wrote more than 70 books, [[ibn Rushd]], and [[ibn Sina]]) greatly influenced philosophical tradition in Europe, beginning the "Scholastic period", which ended with [[Descartes]] and the beginning of the [[Enlightenment]].  The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw a major split between British Empiricism and Continental Rationalism. This divide can be traced back to the late 17th century but culminated in a schism between rationalists like Descartes and Spinoza and empiricists like Berkeley, Locke, and Hume. This divide was rectified by the work of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher famous for his treatise ''Critique of Pure Reason''. With the divide healed, 20th century philosophy would spark a movement called [[modernism]]. Modernism would give birth to analytical philosophy and would culminate in [[logical positivism]] and [[verificationism]] before slowly dying out and giving way to [[postmodernism]].

Philosophy in the West has its origins in Ancient Greece, ca. 600 B.C. After the fall of the Roman Empire, much of Greek philosophy was lost to the West, preserved only in the Arab world until the time of the Crusades and the Moorish conquest of Spain.  Contact with Arab philosophers (especially al-Ghazali, who developed a version of the [[Cosmological argument]] and wrote more than 70 books, ibn Rushd, and [[ibn Sina]]) greatly influenced philosophical tradition in Europe, beginning the "Scholastic period", which ended with [[Descartes]] and the beginning of the [[Enlightenment]].  The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw a major split between British Empiricism and Continental Rationalism. This divide can be traced back to the late 17th century but culminated in a schism between rationalists like Descartes and Spinoza and empiricists like Berkeley, Locke, and Hume. This divide was rectified by the work of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher famous for his treatise ''Critique of Pure Reason''. With the divide healed, 20th century philosophy would spark a movement called [[modernism]]. Modernism would give birth to analytical philosophy and would culminate in [[logical positivism]] and [[verificationism]] before slowly dying out and giving way to [[postmodernism]].