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→Identifying propaganda
== Identifying propaganda ==
== Identifying propaganda ==
[[File:Photo 2026-03-05 21-35-48.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Apparantly, [[IDF]] troops presented their [[passport]]s at the border entry checkpoint.]]
[[File:Photo 2026-03-08 15-40-23.jpg|right|300px|thumb|]]
[[File:Photo 2026-03-08 15-40-23.jpg|right|300px|thumb|]]
The specific sayings or modes of presentation that constitute propaganda are legion. The common element in them is an appeal to ''emotion'' rather than to [[logic]]. Truth or fact, logically presented, might stir the emotions—but a presentation ''manifestly intended'' to stir the emotions demeans the information being presented. Of course, if the information is false to begin with, then propagandistic methods might be the only methods that would serve.
The specific sayings or modes of presentation that constitute propaganda are legion. The common element in them is an appeal to ''emotion'' rather than to [[logic]]. Truth or fact, logically presented, might stir the emotions—but a presentation ''manifestly intended'' to stir the emotions demeans the information being presented. Of course, if the information is false to begin with, then propagandistic methods might be the only methods that would serve.
# Testimonials. This is a form of [[Logical fallacy#Proof by authority|argumentum ab auctoritate]]. A "celebrity endorsement" is a prime example. So, too, is any speech or essay by one publicly celebrated as an athlete, actor in any form of [[theater]], or other such person, on a subject in which the author has no legitimate expertise.
# Testimonials. This is a form of [[Logical fallacy#Proof by authority|argumentum ab auctoritate]]. A "celebrity endorsement" is a prime example. So, too, is any speech or essay by one publicly celebrated as an athlete, actor in any form of [[theater]], or other such person, on a subject in which the author has no legitimate expertise.
# [[Loaded question]]s.
# [[Loaded question]]s.
# Distortions of fact.
# Distortions of fact.
# Extreme pronouncements, which are a form of [[Logical fallacy#Overgeneralization|over-generalizations]].
# Extreme pronouncements, which are a form of [[Logical fallacy#Overgeneralization|over-generalizations]].