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{{quotebox-float|“The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in [[Europe]] or [[North America]] shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognized by Article 51 of the [[Charter of the United Nations]], will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the [[North Atlantic]] area.”}}
{{quotebox-float|“The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in [[Europe]] or [[North America]] shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognized by Article 51 of the [[Charter of the United Nations]], will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the [[North Atlantic]] area.”}}
While an attack on one is “considered” an attack on all, that does not impose any obligatory duties on the signatories.
While an attack on one is “considered” an attack on all, that does not impose any obligatory duties on the signatories.
===Stalin's request to join NATO===
{{See also|Operation Unthinkable|Operation Gladio}}
In the late 1940s, Soviet leaders, including [[Joseph Stalin]], seriously considered joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was created in 1949. The idea had been circulating in [[Moscow]] even before the alliance’s founding, partly because the memory of the anti-Nazi alliance was still fresh.<ref>https://www.rbth.com/history/327331-nato-ussr-entering-pitch</ref>
When NATO was being formed, British parliamentary debates discussed whether to invite the [[USSR]] to join. Soviet Foreign Minister [[Andrey Vyshinsky]] sent a note to [[London]] proposing talks about Moscow's possible membership. However, [[the West]] responded with silence, and the proposal was not pursued.
In 1951, Soviet officials like [[Andrei Gromyko]] stated they would join if NATO was directed against future [[German]] aggression.<ref>https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/iarj/v56i2/f_0019560_16706.pdf</ref> Stalin also saw NATO as undermining the UN by creating a closed military bloc without a broader European security arrangement. In August 1952, French ambassador Louis Joxe told Stalin that NATO was a peaceful organization within the [[UN Charter]]. Stalin laughed and asked Vyshinsky whether the USSR should join.
By 1954, after Stalin’s death, the USSR formally suggested that NATO could lose its "aggressive" character if it included all former anti-[[Hitler]] coalition members, and expressed willingness to discuss [[Soviet]] participation under those conditions. However, [[the West]] rejected the idea.
===Early personnel===
===Early personnel===