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→Organization
The Catholic Church has a complex hierarchy of clergy, including (in descending order of rank):
The Catholic Church has a complex hierarchy of clergy, including (in descending order of rank):
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
* The [[Pope]]
*1 The [[Pope]]
*[[Cardinal]]s
*2 [[Cardinal]]s
*[[Archbishop]]s
*3 [[Primate (church)| Major Archbishops]]
*[[Bishop]]s
*4 [[Archbishop]]s
*[[Abbot]]s
*5 [[Bishop]]s
*[[Monsignor]]s
*6 [[Abbot]]s
*[[Archpriest]]s
*6 [[Monsignor]]s
*[[Archpriest | Deans]]
*7 [[Archpriest]]s
*[[Priest]]s
*7 [[Archpriest | Deans]]
*[[Deacon]]s
*8 [[Priest]]s
*9 [[Deacon]]s
</div>
The key roles are played by the Pope and the bishops, and the question of whether secular governments should play a major role in ecclesiastical appointments has been a major issue for centuries. The Investiture Controversy in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was over this question, as was the dispute between [[Gallicanism]] and [[ultramontanism]] in France.
The key roles are played by the Pope and the bishops, and the question of whether secular governments should play a major role in ecclesiastical appointments has been a major issue for centuries. The Investiture Controversy in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was over this question, as was the dispute between [[Gallicanism]] and [[ultramontanism]] in France.