Changes

Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]], in a television interview in February 2023 said that the [[NATO proxy war in Ukraine]] is part of the New Cold War between the competing forces over the direction of the global systemic transition, which [[Moscow]] wants to lead towards multipolarity while [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] wants to retain as much of its fading unipolar [[hegemony]] as possible.<ref>[https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2022/03/24/our_elites_need_to_recognize_that_americas_unipolar_moment_is_over_823466.html Our Elites Need to Recognize that America’s ‘Unipolar Moment’ is Over], By Francis P. Sempa, RealClearDefense, March 24, 2022. realcleardefense.com<br>*[https://responsiblestatecraft.org/military-gaza-pier-project/ The unipolar moment is over. When will the US get it?], SAMUEL GARDNER-BIRD, ''[[Responsible Statecraft]]'', NOV 16, 2022. responsiblestatecraft.org</ref> The outcome of this struggle will literally determine the future of [[International Relations]], which will in turn enhance or erode every country's sovereignty, which is why it's of concern to everyone in the world.<ref>[https://korybko.substack.com/p/putin-made-five-very-important-points Putin Made Five Very Important Points During His Latest TV Interview], [[Andrew Korybko]], February 27, 2023.</ref>

Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]], in a television interview in February 2023 said that the [[NATO proxy war in Ukraine]] is part of the New Cold War between the competing forces over the direction of the global systemic transition, which [[Moscow]] wants to lead towards multipolarity while [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] wants to retain as much of its fading unipolar [[hegemony]] as possible.<ref>[https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2022/03/24/our_elites_need_to_recognize_that_americas_unipolar_moment_is_over_823466.html Our Elites Need to Recognize that America’s ‘Unipolar Moment’ is Over], By Francis P. Sempa, RealClearDefense, March 24, 2022. realcleardefense.com<br>*[https://responsiblestatecraft.org/military-gaza-pier-project/ The unipolar moment is over. When will the US get it?], SAMUEL GARDNER-BIRD, ''[[Responsible Statecraft]]'', NOV 16, 2022. responsiblestatecraft.org</ref> The outcome of this struggle will literally determine the future of [[International Relations]], which will in turn enhance or erode every country's sovereignty, which is why it's of concern to everyone in the world.<ref>[https://korybko.substack.com/p/putin-made-five-very-important-points Putin Made Five Very Important Points During His Latest TV Interview], [[Andrew Korybko]], February 27, 2023.</ref>

In the occasion of President Putin's first foreign visit to [[Beijing]] after his swearing in for a 5th term, Russian foreign minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] stated that Russia won't view [[Western Europe]]an countries as partners again for “at least one generation."<ref>[https://www.rt.com/russia/597827-lavrov-europe-no-partner-for-generation/ Russia ‘done’ with Western Europe ‘for at least a generation’ – Lavrov], ''[[RT]]'', 18 May 2024. rt.com</ref>

On the occasion of President Putin's first foreign visit to [[Beijing]] after his swearing in for a fifth term, Russian foreign minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] stated that Russia won't view [[Western Europe]]an countries as partners again for “at least one generation."<ref>[https://www.rt.com/russia/597827-lavrov-europe-no-partner-for-generation/ Russia ‘done’ with Western Europe ‘for at least a generation’ – Lavrov], ''[[RT]]'', 18 May 2024. rt.com</ref>

==The BRICS challenge==

==The BRICS challenge==

Tom Fowdy<ref>https://tomfowdy.com/about/</ref> explains:

Tom Fowdy<ref>https://tomfowdy.com/about/</ref> explains:

{{quotebox-float|"States are sensitive to their capabilities relative to other countries and, in response to certain threats or developments, naturally seek to create balance against them.  Whilst this is most prominently understood on [[military]] terms, ‘power’ extends to something much broader in practice, especially in today’s world. We don’t just think in terms of bombs or tanks, but everything which pertains to the strength of a state including [[technology]], the [[economy]], industrial assets, [[infrastructure]], [[currency]] and so on.  The new competition between the US, its allies and China is different to the original [[Cold War]], in that it is premised on all of those things. This isn’t about who simply has the most [[nuclear weapon]]s, it’s a ‘Cold War of [[globalization]]’ of sorts, where everything contributes to the outcome of who dominates.}}

{{quotebox-float|"States are sensitive to their capabilities relative to other countries and, in response to certain threats or developments, naturally seek to create balance against them.  Whilst this is most prominently understood on [[military]] terms, ‘power’ extends to something much broader in practice, especially in today’s world. We don’t just think in terms of bombs or tanks, but everything which pertains to the strength of a state including [[technology]], the [[economy]], industrial assets, [[infrastructure]], [[currency]] and so on.  The new competition between the US, its allies and China is different to the original [[Cold War]], in that it is premised on all of those things. This isn’t about who simply has the most [[nuclear weapon]]s, it’s a ‘Cold War of [[globalization]]’ of sorts, where everything contributes to the outcome of who dominates.}}

[[China]]'s [[nuclear]] development continues at a steady pace. Their forces include a diverse and growing array of road-mobile and silo-based [[ICBM]]s like the DF-41 and [[DF-5]]C, and they are constructing new (Strategic, Submarines, Ballistic, Nuclear (SSBNs). The air leg is supported by modernized H-6 bombers, with a new [[stealth bomber]] anticipated. This development enhances the credibility and capability of China's [[strategic]] [[deterrent]].

[[China]]'s [[nuclear]] development continues at a steady pace. Their forces include a diverse and growing array of road-mobile and silo-based [[ICBM]]s like the DF-41 and [[DF-5]]C, and they are constructing new Strategic Submarines, Ballistic Nuclear (SSBNs). The air leg is supported by modernized H-6 bombers, with a new [[stealth bomber]] anticipated. This development enhances the credibility and capability of China's [[strategic]] [[deterrent]].

====Unrestricted warfare====

====Unrestricted warfare====

Since the publication in 1999 of ''Unrestricted Warfare: Two Air Force Senior Colonels on Scenarios for War and the Operational Art in an Era of Globalization'', by Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui, it has been understood that hard-line elements within the Chinese National Security community have been envisioning and positioning themselves for war with the USA.  As the title suggests, this book subverts the strategic thinking and rules of "old-style warfare”, proposes “new types of warfare” and explores military tactics, strategy and organization in the age of globalization.  The “unrestricted” part of “unrestricted warfare” avoids direct military confrontation and seeks instead to conquer through non-kinetic means.

Since the publication in 1999 of ''Unrestricted Warfare: Two Air Force Senior Colonels on Scenarios for War and the Operational Art in an Era of Globalization'', by Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui, it has been understood that hard-line elements within the Chinese National Security community have been envisioning and positioning themselves for war with the USA.  As the title suggests, this book subverts the strategic thinking and rules of "old-style warfare", proposes “new types of warfare” and explores military tactics, strategy and organization in the age of globalization.  The “unrestricted” part of “unrestricted warfare” avoids direct military confrontation and seeks instead to conquer through non-kinetic means.

The authors argued that the notion that “national defense being the country’s main security goal is somewhat outdated, at least rather inadequate."  Under such circumstances, a country, especially a weak one, must go beyond the limits of "traditional war" in order to win when it is faced with an opponent stronger than itself.   

The authors argued that the notion that “national defense being the country’s main security goal is somewhat outdated, at least rather inadequate."  Under such circumstances, a country, especially a weak one, must go beyond the limits of "traditional war" in order to win when it is faced with an opponent stronger than itself.   

[[File:CCP Unrestricted Warfare.PNG|right|500px|thumb]]

[[File:CCP Unrestricted Warfare.PNG|right|500px|thumb]]

"Traditional war" follows certain rules or boundaries, for example, protections for the civilians and civilian facilities, humanitarian treatment to [[POW]]s, banning the use of [[weapons of mass destruction]], etc. These principles were formally established in a series of international agreements.  "Unrestricted warfare" means going beyond the limit, whether it is material, spiritual, ethical or technical; and whether it is called 'range', ‘restriction’, ‘restraint’, ‘boundary’, ‘rules’, ‘law’, ‘limit’, or ‘taboo’ ".  In “unrestricted warfare” there is no distinction between "front and rear", "military and civilian”, country and territory. It is not restrained by moral and ethical limits. Any person and any facility can be considered as a military target.  In order to achieve the goal, you can do whatever you want.

"Traditional war" follows certain rules or boundaries, for example, protections for the civilians and civilian facilities, humanitarian treatment to [[POW]]s, banning the use of [[weapons of mass destruction]], etc. These principles were formally established in a series of international agreements.  "Unrestricted warfare" means going beyond the limit, whether it is material, spiritual, ethical or technical; and whether it is called 'range', ‘restriction’, ‘restraint’, ‘boundary’, ‘rules’, ‘law’, ‘limit’, or ‘taboo’ ".  In “unrestricted warfare” there is no distinction between " front and rear", "military and civilian", country and territory. It is not restrained by moral and ethical limits. Any person and any facility can be considered as a military target.  In order to achieve the goal, you can do whatever you want.

Unrestricted warfare tactics are divided into three categories, "military, trans-military and non-military.  To operate “unrestricted warfare”, any item in the table of the three categories can be combined with one or more other items as needed to form "combined tactics". The authors specifically pointed out in the note: "The three categories of operations here are real wars, not metaphors or descriptions."  

Unrestricted warfare tactics are divided into three categories, "military, trans-military and non-military.  To operate “unrestricted warfare”, any item in the table of the three categories can be combined with one or more other items as needed to form " combined tactics". The authors specifically pointed out in the note: "The three categories of operations here are real wars, not metaphors or descriptions."  

When all the boundaries of “old-style warfare” are broken, there is only one reality left:  the entire human society is treated as a battlefield.  There is no doubt that the [[United States]] is the simulated enemy against whom the unrestricted warfare was formulated. The reasoning goes that the People's Republic of China, being the weaker party compared with the United States in terms of military technology and power justifies [[tactic]]s described in ''Unrestricted Warfare'', since conventional tactics may not ensure victory against the US.<ref>https://jianglinswritings.blogspot.com/2020/05/unrestricted-warfare-rulelessness-is.html</ref>

When all the boundaries of “old-style warfare” are broken, there is only one reality left:  the entire human society is treated as a battlefield.  There is no doubt that the [[United States]] is the simulated enemy against whom the unrestricted warfare was formulated. The reasoning goes that the People's Republic of China, being the weaker party compared with the United States in terms of military technology and power, justifies [[tactic]]s described in ''Unrestricted Warfare'', since conventional tactics may not ensure victory against the US.<ref>https://jianglinswritings.blogspot.com/2020/05/unrestricted-warfare-rulelessness-is.html</ref>

In 2015, Chinese military scientists discussed how to weaponize SARS coronaviruses to "cause the enemy’s medical system to collapse." In a 263-page document, written by People's Liberation Army scientists and senior Chinese public health officials and obtained by the US State Department during its investigation into the origins of COVID-19, suggests that SARS coronaviruses could herald a "new era of genetic weapons," and noted that they can be "artificially manipulated into an emerging human ­disease virus, then weaponized and unleashed in a way never seen before."<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/chinese-military-discussed-weaponizing-covid-2015-cause-enemys-medical-system-collapse</ref>

In 2015, Chinese military scientists discussed how to weaponize SARS coronaviruses to "cause the enemy’s medical system to collapse." In a 263-page document, written by People's Liberation Army scientists and senior Chinese public health officials and obtained by the US State Department during its investigation into the origins of COVID-19, suggests that SARS coronaviruses could herald a "new era of genetic weapons," and noted that they can be "artificially manipulated into an emerging human ­disease virus, then weaponized and unleashed in a way never seen before."<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/chinese-military-discussed-weaponizing-covid-2015-cause-enemys-medical-system-collapse</ref>

====Strategic approach to China====

====Strategic approach to China====

On May 20, 2020, the United States issued a document titled ''United States Strategic Approach to The People’s Republic of China'' that describes the threat the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) poses to all humanity.  Th document states in excerpt:

On May 20, 2020, the United States issued a document titled ''United States Strategic Approach to The People’s Republic of China'' that describes the threat the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) poses to all humanity.  The document states in excerpt:

{{quotebox|The CCP promotes globally a value proposition that challenges the bedrock American belief in the unalienable right of every person to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

{{quotebox|The CCP promotes globally a value proposition that challenges the bedrock American belief in the unalienable right of every person to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

====Covid cover up====

====Covid cover up====

{{See also|Covid coverup}}

{{See also|Covid coverup}}

In January 2020, the [[Chinese Communist Party]] regime plainly demonstrated criminal intent by attempting to buy up the world's medical supplies and limiting all exports of their own, while refusing to communicate to the rest of the world the truth about the outbreak of the [[Covid virus]] in Wuhan.  A DHS report relates, "We further assess the Chinese Government attempted to hide its actions by denying there were export restrictions and obfuscating and delaying provision of its trade data".<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/03/dhs-china-hiding-coronavirus-info-supplies-233185</ref>  "In January, according to the report, China increased its imports of surgical facemasks by 278 percent, surgical gowns by 72 percent, and surgical gloves by 32 percent. Meanwhile, it slashed its global exports of a host of medical products: surgical gloves by 48 percent, surgical gowns by 71 percent, face masks by 48 percent, medical ventilators by 45 percent, incubator kits by 56 percent, thermometers by 53 percent, and cotton balls and swabs by 58 percent."  China has long since thus squandered the right to be treated as a good-faith actor by openly warring in such a way with the free world.

In January 2020, the [[Chinese Communist Party]] regime plainly demonstrated criminal intent by attempting to buy up the world's medical supplies and limiting all exports of its own, while refusing to communicate to the rest of the world the truth about the outbreak of the [[Covid virus]] in Wuhan.  A DHS report relates, "We further assess the Chinese Government attempted to hide its actions by denying there were export restrictions and obfuscating and delaying provision of its trade data".<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/03/dhs-china-hiding-coronavirus-info-supplies-233185</ref>  "In January, according to the report, China increased its imports of surgical facemasks by 278 percent, surgical gowns by 72 percent, and surgical gloves by 32 percent. Meanwhile, it slashed its global exports of a host of medical products: surgical gloves by 48 percent, surgical gowns by 71 percent, face masks by 48 percent, medical ventilators by 45 percent, incubator kits by 56 percent, thermometers by 53 percent, and cotton balls and swabs by 58 percent."  China has long since thus squandered the right to be treated as a good-faith actor by openly warring in such a way with the free world.

{|class="infobox" style="float:right; font-size:85%; width:1ex; line-height:17px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 50px" cellpadding="1"

{|class="infobox" style="float:right; font-size:85%; width:1ex; line-height:17px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 50px" cellpadding="1"

|[[File:Shi Zhengli 2.PNG|208px]]

|[[File:Shi Zhengli 2.PNG|208px]]

There is red-hot anger in the streets of China among the Chinese people and on Chinese social media about the criminal treatment of Dr. Li Wenliang by the Communist police: "The death of a Chinese doctor who tried to warn about the coronavirus outbreak has sparked widespread public anger and grief in China."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51409801</ref>  This anger can be tapped to spark a popular uprising against Communism.  The Chinese Communist Party has been called "The-Soviet-Union-on-steroids" and has now given rise to an even more dangerous Chinese Cold War.

There is red-hot anger in the streets of China among the Chinese people and on Chinese social media about the criminal treatment of Dr. Li Wenliang by the Communist police: "The death of a Chinese doctor who tried to warn about the coronavirus outbreak has sparked widespread public anger and grief in China."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51409801</ref>  This anger can be tapped to spark a popular uprising against Communism.  The Chinese Communist Party has been called "The-Soviet-Union-on-steroids" and has now given rise to an even more dangerous Chinese Cold War.

The [[coronavirus pandemic]] forced companies to re-evaluate whether China was actually a “cheap” supplier at all. To escape high labor costs, such as the [[Obamacare]] employer mandate, American companies were re-locating manufacturing jobs to China, where [[forced labor]] in [[gulag]]s run by the [[Chinese military]] are often employed.

The [[coronavirus pandemic]] forced companies to re-evaluate whether China was actually a “cheap” supplier at all. To escape high labor costs, such as the [[Obamacare]] employer mandate, American companies were relocating manufacturing jobs to China, where [[forced labor]] in [[gulag]]s run by the [[Chinese military]] are often employed.

President Trump has continued to be extremely tough in calling out China's malpractices. The President has warned Beijing there will be long term consequences and ramifications of its criminal behavior. Trump tweeted: "Some wacko in China just released a statement blaming everybody other than China for the Virus which has now killed hundreds of thousands of people. Please explain to this dope that it was the “incompetence of China”, and nothing else, that did this mass Worldwide killing"<ref>https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1263085979491016708</ref>

President Trump has continued to be extremely tough in calling out China's malpractices. The President has warned Beijing there will be long-term consequences and ramifications of its criminal behavior. Trump tweeted: "Some wacko in China just released a statement blaming everybody other than China for the Virus which has now killed hundreds of thousands of people. Please explain to this dope that it was the “incompetence of China”, and nothing else, that did this mass Worldwide killing"<ref>https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1263085979491016708</ref>

====Decoupling====

====Decoupling====

Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the Chinese Communist Party. Decoupling however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States.  American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the Chinese Communist Party. Decoupling, however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand-selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States.  American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board oversees the Thrift Savings Plan, a retirement fund for federal employees and members of the uniformed military services, with about $600 billion in assets. Money is withheld from federal employees and the military's paychecks to contribute to the fund. Approximately 11% is invested in Chinese companies, some of which produce weapons designed to kill members of the U.S. military.<ref>https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-orders-federal-retirement-money-invested-in-chinese-equities-to-be-pulled</ref>  The government of China even prior to the CCP virus outbreak was in violation of U.S. sanctions law and engaged in humanitarian and human rights abuse.

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board oversees the Thrift Savings Plan, a retirement fund for federal employees and members of the uniformed military services, with about $600 billion in assets. Money is withheld from federal employees and the military's paychecks to contribute to the fund. Approximately 11% is invested in Chinese companies, some of which produce weapons designed to kill members of the U.S. military.<ref>https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-orders-federal-retirement-money-invested-in-chinese-equities-to-be-pulled</ref>  The government of China, even prior to the CCP virus outbreak, was in violation of U.S. sanctions law and engaged in humanitarian and human rights abuses.

===Conclusion===

===Conclusion===

The world is moving toward a [[multipolar]] order. The actions of [[Russia]] and [[China]] are not an "[[arms race]]" but a [[sovereign]] right to develop defensive capabilities and ensure a crucial [[strategic]] balance, countering decades of [[unilateral]] aggression.

The world is moving toward a [[multipolar]] order. The actions of [[Russia]] and [[China]] are not an "[[arms race]]" but a [[sovereign]] right to develop defensive capabilities and ensure a crucial [[strategic]] balance, countering decades of [[unilateral]] aggression.

The [[US]] is racing just to stay in place against two peers whose combined [[strategic]] [[war]]heads could exceed 9,600.

The [[US]] is racing just to stay in place against two peers whose combined [[strategic]] [[war]] heads could exceed 9,600.

=="Nuclear testing"==

=="Nuclear testing"==

In 1996 the [[US]] and [[Russia]] and others signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) that would have blocked all [[nuclear weapon]]s testing. The US signed the agreement, but the [[US Senate]] refused to ratify the Treaty in 1999. The Russians signed and the [[Duma]] ratified the agreement, but in 2023 the Russian government withdrew its ratification<ref>https://www.armscontrol.org/blog/2023-11/nuclear-disarmament-monitor</ref> after s series of [[NATO]]-backed [[drone]] attacks on [[Moscow]].<ref>https://tass.com/politics/1612969?ysclid=mhnqoucu1y908219616</ref>

In 1996 the [[US]] and [[Russia]] and others signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) that would have blocked all [[nuclear weapon]]s testing. The US signed the agreement, but the [[US Senate]] refused to ratify the Treaty in 1999. The Russians signed and the [[Duma]] ratified the agreement, but in 2023 the Russian government withdrew its ratification<ref>https://www.armscontrol.org/blog/2023-11/nuclear-disarmament-monitor</ref> after a series of [[NATO]]-backed [[drone]] attacks on [[Moscow]].<ref>https://tass.com/politics/1612969?ysclid=mhnqoucu1y908219616</ref>

On October 30, 2025 [[US President Donald Trump]] announced upcoming [[nuclear test]]s saying that other countries—including Russia and China—are already engaged in them, which they were not.<ref>https://www.un.org/en/observances/end-nuclear-tests-day/history</ref>  

On October 30, 2025, [[US President Donald Trump]] announced upcoming [[nuclear test]]s saying that other countries—including Russia and China—are already engaged in them, which they were not.<ref>https://www.un.org/en/observances/end-nuclear-tests-day/history</ref>  

Subcritical weapons tests are experiments that use chemical explosives to compress fissile materials like plutonium, but without creating a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, so no nuclear explosion occurs. [[China]], the [[US]] and [[Russia]] (possibly others including [[France]], [[UK]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Israel]], [[North Korea]] and other non-declared nuclear powers) are known or suspected of carrying out subcritical nuclear weapons testing.<ref>https://weapons.substack.com/p/nuclear-testing-its-the-pits</ref>

Subcritical weapons tests are experiments that use chemical explosives to compress fissile materials like plutonium, but without creating a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, so no nuclear explosion occurs. [[China]], the [[US]] and [[Russia]] (possibly others including [[France]], [[UK]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Israel]], [[North Korea]] and other non-declared nuclear powers) are known or suspected of carrying out subcritical nuclear weapons testing.<ref>https://weapons.substack.com/p/nuclear-testing-its-the-pits</ref>

On November 5, 2025 [[Russian President Vladimir Putin]] stated in a Russian Security Council meeting that if the [[United States]] or other parties to the 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) conduct nuclear tests, Russia will take “adequate actions.”<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/78403</ref> Putin instructed the Foreign Ministry, Defense Ministry, and special services to prepare proposals on the feasibility of beginning work to prepare for nuclear tests. At the same time, he stressed that Russia has always strictly adhered—and continues to adhere—to its obligations under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and has no plans to deviate from those obligations. Defense Minister [[Andrei Belousov]] proposed starting preparations for full-scale nuclear tests in response to [[U.S.]] actions. “The readiness of the forces and facilities of the central test site on the [[Novaya Zemlya]] archipelago allows it to be carried out in a short time,” he said.

On November 5, 2025, [[Russian President Vladimir Putin]] stated in a Russian Security Council meeting that if the [[United States]] or other parties to the 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) conduct nuclear tests, Russia will take “adequate actions.”<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/78403</ref> Putin instructed the Foreign Ministry, Defense Ministry, and special services to prepare proposals on the feasibility of beginning work to prepare for nuclear tests. At the same time, he stressed that Russia has always strictly adhered—and continues to adhere—to its obligations under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and has no plans to deviate from those obligations. Defense Minister [[Andrei Belousov]] proposed starting preparations for full-scale nuclear tests in response to [[U.S.]] actions. “The readiness of the forces and facilities of the central test site on the [[Novaya Zemlya]] archipelago allows it to be carried out in a short time,” He said.

The head of the [[Russian Foreign Intelligence Service]], [[Sergey Naryshkin]], reported at the meeting that the United States has not yet specified exactly what Donald Trump meant when he spoke about nuclear tests, although Russian [[diplomat]]s had sent a corresponding request to explain.

The head of the [[Russian Foreign Intelligence Service]], [[Sergey Naryshkin]], reported at the meeting that the United States has not yet specified exactly what Donald Trump meant when he spoke about nuclear tests, although Russian [[diplomat]]s had sent a corresponding request to explain.

==The neoconservative perspective==

==The neoconservative perspective==

{{See also|Neoconservativism}}

{{See also|Neoconservativism}}

The notion that we live in a multipolar world is often disputed by [[neoconservative]]s, [[globalist]]s, and some of China's neighbors and it is sometimes argued that we live in a bipolar world where the USA/China have significant influence. Furthermore, one of the chief proponents of the multipolar world notion is the [[Peoples Republic of China]] which is often accused of bullying its neighbors in international waters and in the waters where China and its neighbors have disputes over land/ocean sovereignty claims.<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/vantage-how-china-uses-ships-to-bully-neighbours-in-south-china-sea-13496372.html How China uses ships to bully neighbours in South China Sea], First Post (India news website), 2023</ref>

The notion that we live in a multipolar world is often disputed by [[neoconservative]]s, [[globalist]]s, and some of China's neighbors, and it is sometimes argued that we live in a bipolar world where the USA/China have significant influence. Furthermore, one of the chief proponents of the multipolar world notion is the [[Peoples Republic of China]] which is often accused of bullying its neighbors in international waters and in the waters where China and its neighbors have disputes over land/ocean sovereignty claims.<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/vantage-how-china-uses-ships-to-bully-neighbours-in-south-china-sea-13496372.html How China uses ships to bully neighbours in South China Sea], First Post (India news website), 2023</ref>

One problem with contemporary [[bipolar]] theory is that the [[United States]] needed [[Russia]] as an ally to counterbalance China's rise - an unlikely prospect now that [[NATO]] has killed tens of thousands of [[Russian]]s in an unsuccessful attempt to bring the [[Russian Federation]] under [[U.S.]] [[hegemony]]. Even [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], author of the [[neocon]] and [[neoliberal]] attempt to extend U.S. hegemony beyond the unipolar moment and "the end of history", warned against the mistake and futility of driving Russia and [[China]] into an alliance which would cause the grand plan to fail.

One problem with contemporary [[bipolar]] theory is that the [[United States]] needed [[Russia]] as an ally to counterbalance China's rise - an unlikely prospect now that [[NATO]] has killed tens of thousands of [[Russian]]s in an unsuccessful attempt to bring the [[Russian Federation]] under [[U.S.]] [[hegemony]]. Even [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], author of the [[neocon]] and [[neoliberal]] attempt to extend U.S. hegemony beyond the unipolar moment and "the end of history", warned against the mistake and futility of driving Russia and [[China]] into an alliance which would cause the grand plan to fail.

'''2018'''

'''2018'''

*11 March - Nation People's Congress rubber stamps CCP Central Committee decision to repeal term limit on State Council presidency allowing [[Xi Jinping]] to become [[dictator]] for life.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-43361276</ref>

*11 March - National People's Congress rubber stamps CCP Central Committee decision to repeal term limit on State Council presidency allowing [[Xi Jinping]] to become [[dictator]] for life.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-43361276</ref>

*12 December - [[Bill Priestap]]: China threatens 'the future of the world’:

*12 December - [[Bill Priestap]]: China threatens 'the future of the world’:

{{quotebox-float|“Make no mistake: The Chinese government is proposing itself as an alternative model for the world, one without a democratic system of government, and it is seeking to undermine the free and open rules-based order we helped establish following World War II,” he said in his prepared testimony. “Our businesses and our government must adapt in order to compete and thrive in this world.”<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/fbi-china-threatens-the-future-of-the-world</ref>}}

{{quotebox-float|“Make no mistake: The Chinese government is proposing itself as an alternative model for the world, one without a democratic system of government, and it is seeking to undermine the free and open rules-based order we helped establish following World War II,” he said in his prepared testimony. “Our businesses and our government must adapt in order to compete and thrive in this world.”<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/fbi-china-threatens-the-future-of-the-world</ref>}}

*20 February - Foreign Ministry of the [[Peoples Republic of China]] publishes stinging indictment of the United States in ''US Hegemony and Its Perils''.<ref>[https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/202302/t20230220_11027664.html US Hegemony and Its Perils], February 20, 2023. fmprc.gov.ca</ref>

*20 February - Foreign Ministry of the [[Peoples Republic of China]] publishes stinging indictment of the United States in ''US Hegemony and Its Perils''.<ref>[https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/202302/t20230220_11027664.html US Hegemony and Its Perils], February 20, 2023. fmprc.gov.ca</ref>

:*Introduction

:*Introduction

::*''Since becoming the world's most powerful country after the two world wars and the Cold War, the United States has acted more boldly to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries, pursue, maintain and abuse [[hegemony]], advance [[subversion]] and infiltration, and willfully wage [[war]]s, bringing harm to the international community.

::*''Since becoming the world's most powerful country after the two world wars and the Cold War, the United States has acted more boldly to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries, pursue, maintain and abuse [[hegemony]], advance [[subversion]] infiltration, and willfully wage [[war]]s, bringing harm to the international community.

::*''The United States has developed a hegemonic playbook to stage "[[color revolution]]s," instigate regional disputes, and even directly launch wars under the guise of promoting [[democracy]], [[freedom]] and [[human rights]]. Clinging to the Cold War mentality, the United States has ramped up bloc politics and stoked conflict and confrontation. It has overstretched the concept of [[national security]], abused export controls and forced unilateral sanctions upon others. It has taken a selective approach to [[international law]] and rules, utilizing or discarding them as it sees fit, and has sought to impose rules that serve its own interests in the name of upholding a "[[rules based order|rules-based international order]]."

::*''The United States has developed a hegemonic playbook to stage "[[color revolution]]s," and instigate regional disputes, and even directly launch wars under the guise of promoting [[democracy]], [[freedom]] and [[human rights]]. Clinging to the Cold War mentality, the United States has ramped up bloc politics and stoked conflict and confrontation. It has overstretched the concept of [[national security]], abused export controls and forced unilateral sanctions upon others. It has taken a selective approach to [[international law]] and rules, utilizing or discarding them as it sees fit, and has sought to impose rules that serve its own interests in the name of upholding a "[[rules based order|rules-based international order]]."

:*I. Political Hegemony—Throwing Its Weight Around

:*I. Political Hegemony—Throwing Its Weight Around

::*''The United States has long been attempting to mold other countries and the world order with its own [[values]] and political system in the name of promoting democracy and human rights....''

::*''The United States has long been attempting to mold other countries and the world order with its own [[values]] and political system in the name of promoting democracy and human rights....''

:*II. Military Hegemony—Wanton Use of Force 

:*II. Military Hegemony—Wanton Use of Force 

::*''The history of the United States is characterized by [[violence]] and expansion. Since it gained independence in 1776, the United States has constantly sought expansion by force: it slaughtered Indians, invaded Canada, waged a war against Mexico, instigated the American-Spanish War, and annexed Hawaii. After World War II, the wars either provoked or launched by the United States included the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, the War in Afghanistan, the Iraq War, the Libyan War and the Syrian War, abusing its military hegemony to pave the way for expansionist objectives. In recent years, the U.S. average annual military budget has exceeded 700 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 40 percent of the world's total, more than the 15 countries behind it combined. The United States has about 800 overseas military bases, with 173,000 troops deployed in 159 countries...

::*''The history of the United States is characterized by [[violence]] and expansion. Since it gained independence in 1776, the United States has constantly sought expansion by force: it slaughtered Indians, invaded Canada, waged a war against Mexico, instigated the American-Spanish War, and annexed Hawaii. After World War II, the wars either provoked or launched by the United States included the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, the War in Afghanistan, the Iraq War, the Libyan War and the Syrian War, abusing its military hegemony to pave the way for expansionist objectives. In recent years, the U.S. average annual military budget has exceeded 700 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 40 percent of the world's total, more than the 15 countries behind it combined. The United States has about 800 overseas military bases, with 173,000 troops deployed in 159 countries...

::*'' U.S. military hegemony has caused humanitarian tragedies. Since 2001, the wars and military operations launched by the United States in the name of fighting [[terrorism]] have claimed over 900,000 lives with some 335,000 of them civilians, injured millions and displaced tens of millions. The 2003 [[Iraq War]] resulted in some 200,000 to 250,000 civilian deaths, including over 16,000 directly killed by the U.S. military, and left more than a million homeless.

::*''U.S. military hegemony has caused humanitarian tragedies. Since 2001, the wars and military operations launched by the United States in the name of fighting [[terrorism]] have claimed over 900,000 lives with some 335,000 of them civilians, injured millions and displaced tens of millions. The 2003 [[Iraq War]] resulted in some 200,000 to 250,000 civilian deaths, including over 16,000 directly killed by the U.S. military, and left more than a million homeless.

::*''The United States has created 37 million refugees around the world. Since 2012, the number of Syrian refugees alone has increased tenfold. Between 2016 and 2019, 33,584 civilian deaths were documented in the Syrian fightings, including 3,833 killed by U.S.-led coalition bombings, half of them women and children. The [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) reported on 9 November 2018 that the air strikes launched by U.S. forces on Raqqa alone killed 1,600 Syrian civilians.

::*''The United States has created 37 million refugees around the world. Since 2012, the number of Syrian refugees alone has increased tenfold. Between 2016 and 2019, 33,584 civilian deaths were documented in the Syrian fighting, including 3,833 killed by U.S.-led coalition bombings, half of them women and children. The [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) reported on 9 November 2018 that the air strikes launched by U.S. forces on Raqqa alone killed 1,600 Syrian civilians.

::*''The two-decades-long war in [[Afghanistan]] devastated the country. A total of 47,000 Afghan civilians and 66,000 to 69,000 Afghan soldiers and police officers unrelated to the [[September 11 attacks]] were killed in U.S. military operations, and more than 10 million people were displaced. The [[Afghan war|war in Afghanistan]] destroyed the foundation of economic development there and plunged the Afghan people into destitution. After the "[[Fall of Kabul|Kabul debacle" in 2021]], the United States announced that it would freeze some 9.5 billion dollars in assets belonging to the Afghan central bank, a move considered as "pure looting."

::*''The two-decades-long war in [[Afghanistan]] devastated the country. A total of 47,000 Afghan civilians and 66,000 to 69,000 Afghan soldiers and police officers unrelated to the [[September 11 attacks]] were killed in U.S. military operations, and more than 10 million people were displaced. The [[Afghan war|war in Afghanistan]] destroyed the foundation of economic development there and plunged the Afghan people into destitution. After the "[[Fall of Kabul|Kabul debacle" in 2021]], the United States announced that it would freeze some 9.5 billion dollars in assets belonging to the Afghan central bank, a move considered as " pure looting.''

::*''In September 2022, [[Turkish]] Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu commented at a rally that the United States has waged a [[proxy war]] in [[Syria]], turned Afghanistan into an [[opium]] field and [[heroin]] factory, thrown [[Pakistan]] into turmoil, and left [[Libya]] in incessant civil unrest. The United States does whatever it takes to rob and en[[slave]] the people of any country with underground resources.

::*''In September 2022, [[Turkish]] Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu commented at a rally that the United States has waged a [[proxy war]] in [[Syria]], turned Afghanistan into an [[opium]] field and [[heroin]] factory, thrown [[Pakistan]] into turmoil, and left [[Libya]] in incessant civil unrest. The United States does whatever it takes to rob and en [[slave]] the people of any country with underground resources.

::*''The United States has also adopted appalling methods in war. During the [[Korean War]], the [[Vietnam War]], the [[Gulf War]], the [[Kosovo War]], the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War, the United States used massive quantities of chemical and [[biological weapon]]s as well as cluster bombs, fuel-air bombs, graphite bombs and [[depleted uranium]] bombs, causing enormous damage on civilian facilities, countless civilian casualties and lasting [[environmental]] pollution.

::*''The United States has also adopted appalling methods in war. During the [[Korean War]], the [[Vietnam War]], the [[Gulf War]], the [[Kosovo War]], the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War, the United States used massive quantities of chemical and [[biological weapon]]s as well as cluster bombs, fuel-air bombs, graphite bombs and [[depleted uranium]] bombs, causing enormous damage to civilian facilities, countless civilian casualties and lasting [[environmental]] pollution.

:*III. Economic Hegemony—Looting and Exploitation

:*III. Economic Hegemony—Looting and Exploitation

::*''After [[World War II]], the United States led efforts to set up the [[Bretton Woods]] System, the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank]], which, together with the [[Marshall Plan]], formed the international monetary system centered around the U.S. [[dollar]]. In addition, the United States has also established institutional hegemony in the international economic and [[financial]] sector by manipulating the weighted voting systems, rules and arrangements of international organizations including "approval by 85 percent majority," and its domestic trade laws and regulations. By taking advantage of the dollar's status as the major international reserve currency, the United States is basically collecting "seigniorage" from around the world; and using its control over international organizations, it coerces other countries into serving America's political and economic strategy...

::*''After [[World War II]], the United States led efforts to set up the [[Bretton Woods]] System, the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank]], which, together with the [[Marshall Plan]], formed the international monetary system centered around the U.S. [[dollar]]. In addition, the United States has also established institutional hegemony in the international economic and [[financial]] sector by manipulating the weighted voting systems, rules and arrangements of international organizations including "approval by 85 percent majority," and its domestic trade laws and regulations. By taking advantage of the dollar's status as the major international reserve currency, the United States is basically collecting "seigniorage" from around the world; and using its control over international organizations, it coerces other countries into serving America's political and economic strategy...

:*V. Cultural Hegemony—Spreading False Narratives

:*V. Cultural Hegemony—Spreading False Narratives

::*''The global expansion of American [[culture]] is an important part of its external strategy. The United States has often used cultural tools to strengthen and maintain its hegemony in the world.

::*''The global expansion of American [[culture]] is an important part of its external strategy. The United States has often used cultural tools to strengthen and maintain its hegemony in the world.

::*''The United States embeds American values in its products such as movies. American values and lifestyle are a tied product to its movies and TV shows, publications, media content, and programs by the government-funded [[non-profit]] cultural institutions. It thus shapes a cultural and public opinion space in which American culture reigns and maintains cultural hegemony...

::*''The United States embeds American values in its products such as movies. American values and lifestyle are a product tied to its movies and TV shows, publications, media content, and programs by the government-funded [[non-profit]] cultural institutions. It thus shapes a cultural and public opinion space in which American culture reigns and maintains cultural hegemony...

::*''There are various vehicles the United States uses to keep its cultural hegemony. American [[movies]] are the most used; they now occupy more than 70 percent of the world's market share. The United States skilfully exploits its cultural diversity to appeal to various ethnicities. When [[Hollywood]] movies descend on the world, they scream the American values tied to them.

::*''There are various vehicles the United States uses to keep its cultural hegemony. American [[movies]] are the most used; they now occupy more than 70 percent of the world's market share. The United States skilfully exploits its cultural diversity to appeal to various ethnicities. When [[Hollywood]] movies descend on the world, they scream the American values tied to them.

::*''American cultural hegemony not only shows itself in "direct intervention," but also in "media infiltration" and as "a trumpet for the world." U.S.-dominated Western media has a particularly important role in shaping global public opinion in favor of U.S. meddling in the internal affairs of other countries.

::*''American cultural hegemony not only shows itself in "direct intervention," but also in "media infiltration" and as "a trumpet for the world." U.S.-dominated Western media has a particularly important role in shaping global public opinion in favor of U.S. meddling in the internal affairs of other countries.

::*''The U.S. government strictly censors all social media companies and demands their obedience. Twitter CEO [[Elon Musk]] admitted on 27 December 2022 that all social media platforms work with the U.S. government to censor content, reported Fox Business Network. Public opinion in the United States is subject to government intervention to restrict all unfavorable remarks. [[Google]] often makes pages disappear.

::*''The U.S. government strictly censors all social media companies and demands their obedience. Twitter CEO [[Elon Musk]] admitted on 27 December 2022 that all social media platforms work with the U.S. government to censor content, Fox Business Network reported. Public opinion in the United States is subject to government intervention to restrict all unfavorable remarks. [[Google]] often makes pages disappear.

::*''[[U.S. Department of Defense]] manipulates [[social media]]. In December 2022, ''[[he Intercept]]'', an independent U.S. investigative website, revealed that in July 2017, [[U.S. Central Command]] official Nathaniel Kahler instructed [[Twitter]]'s public policy team to augment the presence of 52 [[Arab]]ic-language accounts on a list he sent, six of which were to be given priority. One of the six was dedicated to justifying U.S. drone attacks in [[Yemen]], such as by claiming that the attacks were precise and killed only terrorists, not civilians. Following Kahler's directive, Twitter put those Arabic-language accounts on a "white list" to amplify certain messages.

::*''[[U.S. Department of Defense]] manipulates [[social media]]. In December 2022, ''[[he Intercept]]'', an independent U.S. investigative website, revealed that in July 2017, [[U.S. Central Command]] official Nathaniel Kahler instructed [[Twitter]]'s public policy team to augment the presence of 52 [[Arab]] ic-language accounts on a list he sent, six of which were to be given priority. One of the six was dedicated to justifying U.S. drone attacks in [[Yemen]], such as by claiming that the attacks were precise and killed only terrorists, not civilians. Following Kahler's directive, Twitter put those Arabic-language accounts on a "white list" to amplify certain messages.

::*''The United States practices [[double standard]]s on the [[freedom of the press]]. It brutally suppresses and silences [[media]] of other countries by various means. The United States and [[Europe]] bar mainstream Russian media such as [[Russia Today]] and the [[Sputnik]] from their countries. Platforms such as Twitter, [[Facebook]] and [[YouTube]] openly restrict official accounts of Russia. [[Netflix]], [[Apple]] and Google have removed Russian channels and applications from their services and app stores. Unprecedented [[draco]]nian [[censorship]] is imposed on Russia-related contents.

::*''The United States practices [[double standard]]s on the [[freedom of the press]]. It brutally suppresses and silences [[media]] of other countries by various means. The United States and [[Europe]] bar mainstream Russian media such as [[Russia Today]] and the [[Sputnik]] from their countries. Platforms such as Twitter, [[Facebook]] and [[YouTube]] openly restrict official accounts of Russia. [[Netflix]], [[Apple]] and Google have removed Russian channels and applications from their services and app stores. Unprecedented [[draco]] nian [[censorship]] is imposed on Russia-related content.

::*''The United States abuses its cultural hegemony to instigate "peaceful evolution" in [[socialist]] countries. It sets up news media and cultural outfits targeting socialist countries. It pours staggering amounts of public funds into radio and TV networks to support their ideological infiltration, and these mouthpieces bombard socialist countries in dozens of languages with inflammatory [[propaganda]] day and night.

::*''The United States abuses its cultural hegemony to instigate "peaceful evolution" in [[socialist]] countries. It sets up news media and cultural outfits targeting socialist countries. It pours staggering amounts of public funds into radio and TV networks to support their ideological infiltration, and these mouthpieces bombard socialist countries in dozens of languages with inflammatory [[propaganda]] day and night.

::*''The United States uses [[misinformation]] as a spear to attack other countries, and has built an industrial chain around it: there are groups and individuals making up stories, and peddling them worldwide to mislead public opinion with the support of nearly limitless financial resources.

::*''The United States uses [[misinformation]] as a spear to attack other countries, and has built an industrial chain around it: there are groups and individuals making up stories, and peddling them worldwide to mislead public opinion with the support of nearly limitless financial resources.

==External links==

==External links==

*[https://www.geopolitika.ru/en/article/end-pax-americana-and-rise-multipolarity THE END OF PAX AMERICANA AND THE RISE OF MULTIPOLARITY. Book Review: Savin, Leonid. Ordo Pluriversalis]. [[Andrew Korybko]], MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia.

*[https://www.geopolitika.ru/en/article/end-pax-americana-and-rise-multipolarity THE END OF PAX AMERICANA AND THE RISE OF MULTIPOLARITY. Book Review: Savin, Leonid. Ordo Pluriversalis]. [[Andrew Korybko]], MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia.

*[https://glenndiesen.substack.com/p/scott-horton-provoked-how-washington Scott Horton: Provoked - How Washington Started the New Cold War], Glenn Diesen, Jun 29, 2025. [[YouTube]].

*[https://glenndiesen.substack.com/p/scott-horton-provoked-how-washington Scott Horton: Provoked - How Washington Started the New Cold War], Glenn Diesen, Jun 29, 2025. [[YouTube]].

[[Category:War]]

[[Category:War]]