Changes

== First Term ==

== First Term ==

On November 16, 1933, when the Roosevelt administration granted diplomatic recognition to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the [[Soviet Union]] pledged itself to refrain "from interfering in any manner in the internal affairs of the United States."  That occurred three weeks after the founding of the [[Comintern]] affiliated [[American League for Peace and Democracy]]. Other Comintern affiliates sprung up in the ensuing years, including the [[American Youth Congress]] in 1934 and the  [[League of American Writers]] in 1935.  [[NKVD]] officers traveled the country in the guise of diplomatic and consular officials, conducting [[espionage]] activities <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/10.gif Anonymous letter to Hoover], undated (received 7 August 1943), National Security Agency Venona Collection. "[[SEMENOV]] works in AMTORG, is robbing the whole of the war industry in America. SEMENOV has his agents in all the industrial towns of the U.S.A., in all aviation and chemical war factories and in big industries."</ref> freely and offering bribes.  On 28 February 1934 Elliott Roosevelt, son of the President, and [[Anthony Fokker]] each received half a million dollars for selling fifty military aircraft to the Soviet government. <ref>John T. Flynn, ''The Roosevelt Myth'', (New York: Devin-Adair, 1948).</ref>

On November 16, 1933, when the Roosevelt administration granted diplomatic recognition to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the [[Soviet Union]] pledged itself to refrain "from interfering in any manner in the internal affairs of the United States."  That occurred three weeks after the founding of the [[Comintern]] affiliated [[American League for Peace and Democracy]]. Other Comintern affiliates sprung up in the ensuing years, including the [[American Youth Congress]] in 1934 and the  [[League of American Writers]] in 1935.  [[NKVD]] officers traveled the country in the guise of diplomatic and consular officials, conducting [[espionage]] activities <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/10.gif Anonymous letter to Hoover], undated (received 7 August 1943), National Security Agency Venona Collection. "[[SEMENOV]] works in AMTORG, is robbing the whole of the war industry in America. SEMENOV has his agents in all the industrial towns of the U.S.A., in all aviation and chemical war factories and in big industries."</ref> freely and offering bribes.  On 28 February 1934 Elliott Roosevelt, son of the President, and [[Anthony Fokker]] each received half a million dollars for selling fifty military aircraft to the Soviet government. <ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,756770-2,00.html Son's Scheme], ''Time magazine, Oct. 19, 1936,</ref>

[[Harold Ware]] was a [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) official in the federal government who founded the [[Washington, D.C.]] group of United States government employees belonging to the underground network called the [[Ware group]]. The group had about 75 members in 1934 and was divided into about eight cells.  The Ware group initially consisted of young lawyers and economists hired by the newly created [[Agricultural Adjustment Administration]] (AAA), a [[New Deal]] agency later found [[unconstitutional]] that reported to the Secretary of Agriculture but was independent of the Department of Agriculture bureaucracy.  [[Alger Hiss]], [[Lee Pressman]], [[John Abt]], [[Charles Kramer]], [[Nathan Witt]], [[Henry Collins]], [[George Silverman]], [[Marion Bachrach]], [[John Herrmann]], [[Nathaniel Weyl]], [[Donald Hiss]] and [[Victor Perlo]] were all members.  [[Harry Dexter White]], who became Director of the Division of Monetary Research in the [[Treasury Department]], also was affiliated with the group. The Ware group was the CPUSA's covert arm.  Each of these agents not only provided classified documents to Soviet intelligence, but was involved in political influence operations as well.   

[[Harold Ware]] was a [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) official in the federal government who founded the [[Washington, D.C.]] group of United States government employees belonging to the underground network called the [[Ware group]]. The group had about 75 members in 1934 and was divided into about eight cells.  The Ware group initially consisted of young lawyers and economists hired by the newly created [[Agricultural Adjustment Administration]] (AAA), a [[New Deal]] agency later found [[unconstitutional]] that reported to the Secretary of Agriculture but was independent of the Department of Agriculture bureaucracy.  [[Alger Hiss]], [[Lee Pressman]], [[John Abt]], [[Charles Kramer]], [[Nathan Witt]], [[Henry Collins]], [[George Silverman]], [[Marion Bachrach]], [[John Herrmann]], [[Nathaniel Weyl]], [[Donald Hiss]] and [[Victor Perlo]] were all members.  [[Harry Dexter White]], who became Director of the Division of Monetary Research in the [[Treasury Department]], also was affiliated with the group. The Ware group was the CPUSA's covert arm.  Each of these agents not only provided classified documents to Soviet intelligence, but was involved in political influence operations as well.