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'''Johann Sebastian Bach''' (March 21, 1685 - July 28, 1750) was a German composer and organist active in the late [[Baroque]] era who has been recognized as one of greatest composers of the Western classical music tradition.

'''Johann Sebastian Bach''' (March 21, 1685 - July 28, 1750) was a [[German]] [[composer]] and organist active in the late [[Baroque]] era who has been recognized as one of greatest composers of the Western classical music tradition.

==Biography==

==Biography==

Bach came from an extremely musical family, which had been supported by local governments and churches throughout Germany for many years.  After graduating from the St. Michael's School in Luneburg, he became a court musician in Weimar, where his fame as a keyboardist began to spread.  Later in the year, Bach became the organist at St. Boniface's Church in Arnstadt with help from some family connections, where he often clashed with authorities over the quality of the choir and a long, unauthorized leave of absence where he visited the great composer [[Buxtehude]], who became an important musical influence.  After leaving the church and serving as the Kapellmeister and court organist in various cities, Bach ended up in Leipzig in 1723, where he spent the rest of his life.

Bach came from an extremely musical family, which had been supported by local governments and churches throughout Germany for many years.  After graduating from the St. Michael's School in Luneburg, he became a court musician in Weimar, where his fame as a keyboardist began to spread.  Later in the year, Bach became the organist at St. Boniface's Church in Arnstadt with help from some family connections, where he often clashed with authorities over the quality of the choir and a long, unauthorized leave of absence where he visited the great composer [[Buxtehude]], who became an important musical influence.  After leaving the church and serving as the Kapellmeister and court organist in various cities, Bach ended up in [[Leipzig]] in 1723, where he spent the rest of his life.

Although Bach was always famous as an organist and his works have constantly been viewed as pedagogically important, his reputation among the general public was fairly low until several of his works were revived by the composer [[Felix Mendelssohn]], most importantly an 1829 performance of the [[St. Matthew Passion]].

Although Bach was always famous as an organist and his works have constantly been viewed as pedagogically important, his reputation among the general public was fairly low until several of his works were revived by the composer [[Felix Mendelssohn]], most importantly an 1829 performance of the [[St. Matthew Passion]].

==Music==

==Music==

Bach was a devout Lutheran, and much of his music was religious in nature. Bach attributed the beauty of his music to [[God]], by writing the letters "S.D.G." or "Soli Deo Gloria" in many of his scores.  He is well-known for his complete mastery of [[counterpoint]], as well as his use of styles from many different regions of Europe.  He also used the cruciform [[B-A-C-H]] motif in his work as a sign of devotion to Christ, although future composers used it to pay homage to their great predecessor.

Bach was a devout [[Lutheran]], and much of his music was religious in nature. Bach attributed the beauty of his music to [[God]], by writing the letters "S.D.G." or "Soli Deo Gloria" in many of his scores.  He is well-known for his complete mastery of [[counterpoint]], as well as his use of styles from many different regions of Europe.  He also used the cruciform [[B-A-C-H]] motif in his work as a sign of devotion to [[Christ]], although future composers used it to pay homage to their great predecessor.

Important works include: the Mass in B Minor, the St. Matthew Passion, the Brandenburg Concerti, the Musical Offering, the Art of Fugue, the Well-Tempered Clavier, the English and French Orchestral Suites, the Goldberg Variations, and numerous church cantatas and organ works, notably the Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor and the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor. Some of his most famous pieces are drawn from the cantatas, including ''Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring'' and ''Sheep may Safely Graze.''

Important works include:

* The Mass in B Minor

* The St. Matthew Passion

* The Brandenburg Concerti

* The Musical Offering

* The Art of Fugue

* The Well-Tempered Clavier

* The English and French Orchestral Suites

* The Goldberg Variations

Bach also had a great influence on composers who followed him.  Composers such as Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, and Mendelssohn began using more contrapuntal elements in their works as a result of his influence.  In addition, Chopin's [[Preludes Op. 28]] and Shostakovich's [[Preludes and Fugues Op. 87]] are based explicitly on the [[Well-Tempered Clavier]].  Other works that play explicit homage to Bach include Beethoven's [[Diabelli Variations]] and Liszt's [[Prelude and Fugue on B-A-C-H]].

And numerous church cantatas and organ works, notably:

* The Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor

* The Toccata and Fugue in D Minor

Important interpreters of Bach's works include [[Glenn Gould]], [[Wanda Landowska]],  [[Rosalyn Tureck]], [[Angela Hewitt]], [[Pablo Casals]], and [[Mark Steinbach]].  There have also been many "modernizations" of Bach's music by artists as varied as [[Wendy Carlos]] and [[Jethro Tull]].

 

 

Important interpreters of Bach's works include:

* [[Glenn Gould]]

* [[Wanda Landowska]]

* [[Rosalyn Tureck]]

* [[Angela Hewitt]]

* [[Pablo Casals]]

* [[Mark Steinbach]]

 

There have also been many "modernizations" of Bach's music by artists as varied as [[Wendy Carlos]] and [[Jethro Tull]].

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<!--Prolific both in terms of his musical output and his offspring, Bach wrote more than three thousand opus numbers (half of which survive), and had an estimated two dozen children.--->

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'''Johann Sebastian Bach''' was a Baroque composer of Classical Music and pianist.  He was well-known for his mastery of counterpoint, renowned as an organist and harpsichordist, and even gave his approval to an early model of the [[piano]].  Some of his most famous works are the "Passion

'''Johann Sebastian Bach''' was a Baroque composer of Classical Music and pianist.  He was well-known for his mastery of counterpoint, renowned as an organist and harpsichordist, and even gave his approval to an early model of the [[piano]].  Some of his most famous works are:

According to St. Matthew," "Jesus, Meine Freude" (Jesus, My

* The "Passion According to St. Matthew,"

Joy!), the Brandenburg concertos, the Well-Tempered Clavier, the St. Mark Passion, a Mass in C Minor, and the Diabelli Variations.  He often used the cruciform B-A-C-H motif in his works.

* "Jesus, Meine Freude" (Jesus, My Joy!)

* The Brandenburg concertos

* The Well-Tempered Clavier

* The St. Mark Passion

* A Mass in C Minor

* The Diabelli Variations

 

He often used the cruciform B-A-C-H motif in his works.

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[[Category:Composers|Bach, Johann Sebastian]]

 

[[Category:Composers]]

[[Category:German People]]