Changes

'''The Story of Little Black Sambo''' is a short [[children]]'s book<ref>It has only 1,089 words.</ref> by Helen Bannerman, a [[Scottish]] national. Helen Bannerman went on to write many similar books. The book was first published in 1899 and features the hero, Sambo, outwitting four hungry tigers by trading his colorful clothes and umbrella in return for his safety. The tigers then are defeated by their own vanity, as each bites the next one's tale forming a ring. Objections which surfaced in the mid 20th century<ref> The anti-Little Black Sambo movement started in the 1930s and continued into the 1970s. Black educators and civil rights leaders organized numerous campaigns to get the book banned from public libraries, especially in elementary schools. [http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]</ref> are primarily to the illustrations and to the protagonist's name, not to the story itself.<ref> "Was Bannerman's Little Black Sambo racist? The major characters: Little Black Sambo, his mother (Black Mumbo) and his father (Black Jumbo) used standard English, not the bastardized English then associated with Blacks. Stereotypical anti-Black traits -- for example, laziness, stupidity, and immorality -- were absent from the book. Little Black Sambo, the character, was bright and resourceful unlike most portrayals of Black children." [http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]</ref>

'''The Story of Little Black Sambo''' is a short [[children]]'s book<ref>It has only 1,089 words.</ref> by Helen Bannerman, a [[Scottish]] national. Helen Bannerman went on to write many similar books. The book was first published in 1899 and features the hero, Sambo, outwitting four hungry tigers by trading his colorful clothes and umbrella in return for his safety. The tigers then are defeated by their own vanity, as each bites the next one's tale forming a ring. Objections which surfaced in the mid 20th century<ref> The anti-Little Black Sambo movement started in the 1930s and continued into the 1970s. Black educators and civil rights leaders organized numerous campaigns to get the book banned from public libraries, especially in elementary schools. [http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]</ref> are primarily to the illustrations and to the protagonist's name, not to the story itself.<ref> "Was Bannerman's Little Black Sambo racist? The major characters: Little Black Sambo, his mother (Black Mumbo) and his father (Black Jumbo) used standard English, not the bastardized English then associated with Blacks. Stereotypical anti-Black traits -- for example, laziness, stupidity, and immorality -- were absent from the book. Little Black Sambo, the character, was bright and resourceful unlike most portrayals of Black children." [http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]</ref>

* White readers tend to focus on Bannerman's non-racist intentions and the unfairness of judging yesterday's "classics" by today's standards of racial equality. Blacks find the book's title and the illustrations offensive.<ref>[http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]</ref>

* White readers tend to focus on Bannerman's non-racist intentions and the unfairness of judging yesterday's "classics" by today's standards of racial equality. Blacks find the book's title and the illustrations offensive.<ref name="ferris">[http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]</ref>

The story takes place in a mythical India and the tigers racing around the tree are turned into [[ghee]], the [[Indian]] word for [[clarified butter]], used to make [[pancakes]] for his family's supper.  

The story takes place in a mythical India and the tigers racing around the tree are turned into [[ghee]], the [[Indian]] word for [[clarified butter]], used to make [[pancakes]] for his family's supper.  

* The story has all the right elements: food, beautiful bright colors, a child not dependent on the grownups, a little fright, and a very happy ending, to make up a completely delightful and CHARMING story.

* The story has all the right elements: food, beautiful bright colors, a child not dependent on the grownups, a little fright, and a very happy ending, to make up a completely delightful and CHARMING story.

* I STILL LOVED, ADORED, and WAS CHARMED by the story in which a little boy with so much happiness and wits turn all the adversaries into delicious food! <ref>[http://www.fairrosa.info/disc/sambo.html]</ref>

* I STILL LOVED, ADORED, and WAS CHARMED by the story in which a little boy with so much happiness and wits turn all the adversaries into delicious food! <ref name="ferris" />

 

The story was a children's favorite for many years, but then became subject to a censorship campaign  in certain countries based on complaints about outdated racial imagery.<ref>'While this story has charmed generations, current publishers have decided to avoid any sense of perceived negative connotations by reissuing the ORIGINAL storybook with a new title: "The Story of Little Babaji.' [http://www.sambosrestaurant.com/indexsam.htm ] </ref>  

The story was a children's favorite for many years, but then became subject to a censorship campaign  in certain countries based on complaints about outdated racial imagery.<ref>'While this story has charmed generations, current publishers have decided to avoid any sense of perceived negative connotations by reissuing the ORIGINAL storybook with a new title: "The Story of Little Babaji.' [http://www.sambosrestaurant.com/indexsam.htm ] </ref>  

[[Langston Hughes]] wrote in 1932 that:

[[Langston Hughes]] wrote in 1932 that:

*Little Black Sambo exemplified the "pickaninny variety" of storybook, "amusing undoubtedly to the white child, but like an unkind word to one who has known too many hurts to enjoy the additional pain of being laughed at." [http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]

*Little Black Sambo exemplified the "pickaninny variety" of storybook, "amusing undoubtedly to the white child, but like an unkind word to one who has known too many hurts to enjoy the additional pain of being laughed at."<ref name="ferris" />

A 1941 book and record version of the story "epitomizes the worst of [[racial stereotyping]] -- Sambo's parents are now [[Mammy]] and [[Pappy]], for example, and they are caricatures of [[Aunt Jemima]] and [[Steppin' Fetchit]]." [http://www.tomfolio.com/bookdetailssu.asp?b=7986&m=81]

A 1941 book and record version of the story "epitomizes the worst of [[racial stereotyping]] -- Sambo's parents are now [[Mammy]] and [[Pappy]], for example, and they are caricatures of [[Aunt Jemima]] and [[Steppin' Fetchit]]." [http://www.tomfolio.com/bookdetailssu.asp?b=7986&m=81]

[[Barbara Bader]] wrote:

[[Barbara Bader]] wrote:

{{quotebox|All American children did not see the same book, however. Though the authorized Stokes edition sold well and never went out of print, a host of other versions quickly began to appear from mass-market publishers, from reprint houses, from small, outlying firms unconstrained by the mutual courtesies of the major publishers. A few are straight knock-offs of the book that Bannerman made, without her name on the title page; the majority were reillustrated -- with gross, degrading caricatures that set Sambo down on the old plantation or, with equal distortiveness, deposited him in Darkest Africa. Libraries stocked the Stokes edition, and a few others selectively. But overall the bootleg Sambos were much cheaper, more widely distributed, and vastly more numerous. [http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/picaninny/]}}

{{quotebox|All American children did not see the same book, however. Though the authorized Stokes edition sold well and never went out of print, a host of other versions quickly began to appear from mass-market publishers, from reprint houses, from small, outlying firms unconstrained by the mutual courtesies of the major publishers. A few are straight knock-offs of the book that Bannerman made, without her name on the title page; the majority were reillustrated -- with gross, degrading caricatures that set Sambo down on the old plantation or, with equal distortiveness, deposited him in Darkest Africa. Libraries stocked the Stokes edition, and a few others selectively. But overall the bootleg Sambos were much cheaper, more widely distributed, and vastly more numerous. <ref name="ferris" />}}

==Restaurant Chain==

==Restaurant Chain==