Changes

:To establish a [[§ 1983]] retaliation claim against non-immune officials, Becker must plead and prove (1) that she was engaged in a constitutionally  protected activity; (2) that a defendant's action caused her to suffer an injury that would chill a person of ordinary firmness from continuing to engage in that activity; and (3) that a defendant's action was substantially motivated as a response to her exercise of her First Amendment speech rights. Worrell v. Henry, 219 F.3d 1197, 1212 (10th Cir. 2000). She also must plead and prove the absence of probable cause for the prosecution. Hartman, 126 S. Ct. at 1707.

:To establish a [[§ 1983]] retaliation claim against non-immune officials, Becker must plead and prove (1) that she was engaged in a constitutionally  protected activity; (2) that a defendant's action caused her to suffer an injury that would chill a person of ordinary firmness from continuing to engage in that activity; and (3) that a defendant's action was substantially motivated as a response to her exercise of her First Amendment speech rights. Worrell v. Henry, 219 F.3d 1197, 1212 (10th Cir. 2000). She also must plead and prove the absence of probable cause for the prosecution. Hartman, 126 S. Ct. at 1707.

[[category:Circuit Cases]]

[[category:Circuit Cases]]

[[category:medicine]]

[[category:medicine]]

[[Category:Judicial Immunity]]

[[Category:Judicial Immunity]]

[[Category:First Amendment]]

[[Category:First Amendment]]