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Alan Turing (1912 - 1954) was a British mathematician considered to be the founder of modern computer science and cryptography.{{fact}}

Alan Turing (1912 - 1954) was a British mathematician considered to be the founder of modern computer science and cryptography.<ref>Http://www.turing.org.uk/bio</ref>

In the 1930s Turing proposed the concept of a "Universal Turing Machine".  Turing had, first, proposed that the calculations needed to calculate any formula could be broken down into a base set of instructions that could in principle be followed by a machine: the "Turing Machine".  Once fully formalized the calculations needed to derive the instructions themselves were capable of being run by a Turing Machine.  The looped logic allowed the conception of a Turing Machine that could create its own instruction and, in principle, run a huge variety of calculations.

In the 1930s Turing proposed the concept of a "Universal Turing Machine".  Turing had, first, proposed that the calculations needed to calculate any formula could be broken down into a base set of instructions that could in principle be followed by a machine: the "Turing Machine".  Once fully formalized the calculations needed to derive the instructions themselves were capable of being run by a Turing Machine.  The looped logic allowed the conception of a Turing Machine that could create its own instruction and, in principle, run a huge variety of calculations.

In his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (Mind 49: 433-460) Turing proposed a test (apparently heavily influenced by Logical Positivism) for establishing whether a computer could think.

In his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (Mind 49: 433-460) Turing proposed a test (apparently heavily influenced by Logical Positivism) for establishing whether a computer could think.

His arrest in 1952 for homosexuality and the subsequent withdrawal of his security clearance appears to have contributed to his suicide by cyanide poisoning in 1954.{{fact}}

His arrest in 1952 for homosexuality and the subsequent withdrawal of his security clearance appears to have contributed to his suicide by cyanide poisoning in 1954.<ref>http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/index.html</ref>

==References==

==References==