Changes

Note that the consonants represented by the clusters rd, rn, and rl are always short. The clusters rt and rs are usually short, and ng is almost always long.  

Note that the consonants represented by the clusters rd, rn, and rl are always short. The clusters rt and rs are usually short, and ng is almost always long.  

a – /ɑ:/, /a/

* a – /ɑ:/, /a/

b – /b/

* b – /b/

c –  /k/, /s/ (before ä, e, ö, i, y) *

* c –  /k/, /s/ (before ä, e, ö, i, y) *

d – /d/

* d – /d/

e – /e:/, /e/; /ɛ/ (in some words as exception); /æ/ (before r when short); /ə/ (unstressed)

* e – /e:/, /e/; /ɛ/ (in some words as exception); /æ/ (before r when short); /ə/ (unstressed)

f – /f/

* f – /f/

g – /g/, /j/ (bafore ä, e, ö, i, y; after r, l at the end of a word)

* g – /g/, /j/ (bafore ä, e, ö, i, y; after r, l at the end of a word)

h – /h/

* h – /h/

i – /i:/, /i/

* i – /i:/, /i/

j – /j/

* j – /j/

k – /k/; /ɕ/ (before ä, e, ö, i, y)

* k – /k/; /ɕ/ (before ä, e, ö, i, y)

l – /l/

* l – /l/

m – /m/

* m – /m/

n – /n/

* n – /n/

o – /u:/, /ɔ/; /ʊ/ (in some words as exception)

* o – /u:/, /ɔ/; /ʊ/ (in some words as exception)

p – /p/

* p – /p/

r – /r/

* r – /r/

s – /s/

* s – /s/

t – /t/

* t – /t/

u – /ʉ:/, /ʉ/

* u – /ʉ:/, /ʉ/

v – /v/

* v – /v/

x – /ks/

* x – /ks/

y – /y:/, /ʏ/

* y – /y:/, /ʏ/

z – /s/

* z – /s/

å – /o:/, /ɔ/

* å – /o:/, /ɔ/

ä – /ɛ:/, /ɛ/; /æ:/, /æ/ (before r)

* ä – /ɛ:/, /ɛ/; /æ:/, /æ/ (before r)

ö – /ø:/, /ø/; /œ:/, /œ/ (before r)

* ö – /ø:/, /ø/; /œ:/, /œ/ (before r)

Letter combinations:

Letter combinations:

gj, dj, lj, hj – /j/ (before a stressed vowel)

* gj, dj, lj, hj – /j/ (before a stressed vowel)

rt – /ʈ/

* rt – /ʈ/

rd – /ɖ/

* rd – /ɖ/

rn – /ɳ/

* rn – /ɳ/

rl – /ɭ/

* rl – /ɭ/

rs – /ʂ/

* rs – /ʂ/

ng – /ŋ/

* ng – /ŋ/

gn – /ŋn/ (in the same part of a word)

* gn – /ŋn/ (in the same part of a word)

sj, stj, sch – /ɧ/

* sj, stj, sch – /ɧ/

sk – /ɧ/ (before ä, e, ö, i, y)

* sk – /ɧ/ (before ä, e, ö, i, y)

tj, kj – /ɕ/

* tj, kj – /ɕ/