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Line 1: − [[Image:Gertrude Stein.png|right|200px]]+ − '''Gertrude Stein''' (Allegheny, 1874 - Neuilly-sur-Seine, 1946) was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, of affluent educated German-Jewish immigrants. She studied psychology under [[William James]] (graduated magna cum laude in 1898), and made medical studies at Johns Hopkins Medical School (leaving to Paris with no degree, 1903). In 1922, she and her Jewish lover Alice B. Toklas received from the French government the ''Medaille de la Reconnaissance Française''. − − Stein was a poet and prominent writer and one of the leaders of the literary [[modernism]] movement. Some of her most famous works include ''The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas'', ''The Making of Americans'', and ''Three Lives''. Noted for being highly innovative in her approach to language and writing, she was enormously influential on authors [[Ernest Hemingway]] and [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] (among others), as well as artists [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Henri Matisse]]. She was the center and the most dominant personality in the [[Lost Generation]] circle of American expatriates in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s. ''Her Paris home'' (27, rue de Fleurus) ''was a mecca for writers and artists.'' − − <blockquote> − Estranged from the organized Jewish community, in part because of her eccentricity and lesbianism, she nevertheless retained an acute and proud sense of her Jewishness. According to Wagner-Martin, Stein once said, "all men of genius had Jewish blood," and even developed a theory that [[Abraham Lincoln]] was part Jewish. [[Ibidem]] − </blockquote> − − == Works == − [[Image:Picasso_Gertrude_Stein.jpg|thumb|Portrait by Pablo Picasso 1903.]] − *Three Lives (1909) − *Tender Button (1915); described as a "verbal collage" − *The Making of Americans. Being a History of a Family's Progress (1925) − *The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933) − *Paris France (1940) − − Fragment of ''Paris France'': ''"I was only four years old when I was first in Paris and talked french there and was photographed there and went to school there, and ate soup for early breakfast and had leg of mutton and spinach for lunch, I always liked spinach, and a black cat jumped on my mother's back..."'' [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0871401606/ref=sib_fs_bod?ie=UTF8&p=S00B&checkSum=gARlXeHP5dIgt0%2F5Y6fdN2czK6kQ%2BKzDmIgz%2FOxJNZ4%3D#reader-link More] − − ==='' The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas''=== − Stein's autobiography, her first and most successful effort after a long series of failures, was recounted from the perspective of her lover, Alice B. Toklas. This quirky approach, which broke the only real rule of writing an autobiography, was initially engaged upon for the money alone. The fame and success it brought Stein enabled her to bring to light her previous works, which had been mostly ignored by the public at large despite their disproportionate influence. − − − <blockquote> − She encouraged, aided, and influenced—through her patronage as well as through her writing—many literary and artistic figures. <ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Stein-Ge.html Gertrude Stein]</ref> − </blockquote> − − == See also == − *[[Georges Braque]] − *[[Juan Gris]] − − == External links == − *[http://womenshistory.about.com/od/gertrudestein/a/gertrude_stein.htm Gertrude Stein] − *[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/gstein.htm Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)] − *[http://www.jewish-theatre.com/visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=2735 Gertrude Stein in the very heart of an era of great creative output] − − == References == − − <references/> − − − − {{DEFAULTSORT:Stein, Gertrude}} − − [[Category:Writers]] − [[Category:Women]] − [[Category:People of Jewish Descent]] − [[Category:Homosexuals]]
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