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Line 4: − − Fingertips and toetips that have been amputated beyond the level of the nail bed have been known to occasionally regenerate spontaneously. Amputations in humans that involve more than the tip of a digit do not regenerate. In contrast, many reptile and amphibian species are able to regenerate entire limbs after amputation. − +
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Side-effects of amputation can include psychological trauma and discomfort. Patients sometimes report phantom limb pain, in which nerve activity in the stump is perceived as pain in a body part that is no longer present.
Side-effects of amputation can include psychological trauma and discomfort. Patients sometimes report phantom limb pain, in which nerve activity in the stump is perceived as pain in a body part that is no longer present.
Non-medical amputation is used as a form of punishment or as an act of terrorism.
Non-medical amputation is used as a form of punishment or as an act of terrorism.
A particularly controversial form of amputation is known as the Van-ness rotationplasty.<ref>http://www.pffd.org/node/93</ref> In most cases, it is performed in the case of a femoral osteosarcoma. The procedure consists of an above-knee amputation above the level of the sarcoma. Keeping the blood vessels intact, the surgeon then severs the amputated limb below the knee. The lower leg —the tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot—are then rotated 180 degrees. The lower leg, still rotated, is then attached to the stump so that the heel is at the anterior aspect of the leg. The ankle is now used as a knee joint, to which a prosthesis is attached. This supposedly makes ambulation much easier.
A particularly controversial form of amputation is known as the Van-ness rotationplasty.<ref>http://www.pffd.org/node/93</ref> In most cases, it is performed in the case of a femoral osteosarcoma. The procedure consists of an above-knee amputation above the level of the sarcoma. Keeping the blood vessels intact, the surgeon then severs the amputated limb below the knee. The lower leg —the tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot—is then rotated 180 degrees. The lower leg, still rotated, is then attached to the stump so that the heel is at the anterior aspect of the leg. The ankle is now used as a knee joint, to which a prosthesis is attached. This supposedly makes ambulation much easier.
==References==
==References==
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