Changes

Non-medical amputation is used as a form of punishment or as an act of terrorism.

Non-medical amputation is used as a form of punishment or as an act of terrorism.

A particularly controversial form of amputation is known as the Van-ness rotationplasty.<ref>http://www.pffd.org/node/93</ref>  In most cases, it is performed in the case of a femoral osteosarcoma.  The procedure consists of an above-knee amputation above the level of the sarcoma.  Keeping the blood vessels intact, the surgeon then severs the amputated limb below the knee.  The lower leg &mdash;the tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot&mdash;is then rotated 180 degrees.  The lower leg, still rotated, is then attached to the stump so that the heel is at the anterior aspect of the leg.  The ankle is now used as a knee joint, to which a prosthesis is attached.  This supposedly makes ambulation much easier.

A particularly controversial form of amputation is known as the Van-ness rotationplasty.<ref>[http://www.pffd.org/node/93 PFFD:Van-ness Rotationplasty]</ref>  In most cases, it is performed in the case of a femoral osteosarcoma.  The procedure consists of an above-knee amputation above the level of the sarcoma.  Keeping the blood vessels intact, the surgeon then severs the amputated limb below the knee.  The lower leg &mdash;the tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot&mdash;is then rotated 180 degrees.  The lower leg, still rotated, is then attached to the stump so that the heel is at the anterior aspect of the leg.  The ankle is now used as a knee joint, to which a prosthesis is attached.  This supposedly makes ambulation much easier.

==References==

==References==

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