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'''Woodrow Wilson''' (born Thomas Woodrow Wilson; (1856 - 1924) was elected as a Democrat as the 28th [[President of the United States of America]], and reelected in 1916, serving from 1913 to 1921.  An intellectual leader of the Progressive Movement, Wilson demonstrated his mastery over Congress by creating the Federal Reserve System, lowering the tariff, and revising the antitrust laws.  Trying repeatedly and failing to broker peace during [[World War I]], Wilson in 1917 led the United States' into the war. Wilson played a dominant role in ending the war with his [[Fourteen Points]] and played the centrol role at the Versailles Conference that set the peace terms in 1919. He failed to obtain Senate approval for the Versailles treaty because it required American entry into the [[League of Nations]].   

'''Woodrow Wilson''' (born Thomas Woodrow Wilson; (1856 - 1924), a Democrat, was elected as the 28th [[President of the United States of America]], and reelected in 1916, serving from 1913 to 1921.  An intellectual leader of the Progressive Movement, Wilson demonstrated his mastery over Congress by creating the [[Federal Reserve System]], lowering the tariff, and revising the [[antitrust]] laws.  Trying repeatedly and failing to broker peace during [[World War I]], Wilson in 1917 led the United States into the war. Wilson played a dominant role in ending the war with his [[Fourteen Points]] and played the centrol role at the Versailles Conference that set the peace terms in 1919. He failed to obtain Senate approval for the Versailles treaty because it required American entry into the [[League of Nations]].   

Wilson's idealistic foreign policy, called "Wilsonianism" sought to end militarism as a force in world affairs, vigorously promote national self determination, create international bodies to head off serious disputes, and use American resources to promote democracy. Wilsonianism (and "idealism" generally) is opposed to "realism" in foreign policy, which stresses a concern for American self-interest, especially in economic and military terms.  Wilsonianism has been a major feature of the foreign policy of [[George W. Bush]] (2001-present).

Wilson's idealistic foreign policy, called "Wilsonianism" sought to end militarism as a force in world affairs, vigorously promote national self determination, create international bodies to head off serious disputes, and use American resources to promote democracy. Wilsonianism (and "idealism" generally) is opposed to "realism" in foreign policy, which stresses a concern for American self-interest, especially in economic and military terms.  Wilsonianism has been a major feature of the foreign policy of [[George W. Bush]] (2001-present).

==Family==

==Family==

Woodrow Wilson was the son of Joseph Ruggles Wilson, born in Ohio, his mother Jedsse was born in Carlisle, England, the daughter of a Presbyterian minister.  Woodrow's father, a Presbyterian minister of Scotch Irish descent, was a leader of the Southern Presbyterian Church and an avid supporter of the Confederacy. Joseph Wilson's father was James Wilson, who immigrated to the United States from northern Ireland in 1807 and was first an editor of the [[Jeffersonian Republican]] newspaper the ''Aurora'' in Philadelphia, and later published newspapers in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Woodrow had no contact with his grandfather or uncles, who were active in antislavery Republican politics in Ohio.

Woodrow Wilson was the son of Joseph Ruggles Wilson, born in Ohio, his mother Jedsse was born in Carlisle, England, the daughter of a Presbyterian minister.  Woodrow's father, a Presbyterian minister of Scotch Irish descent, was a leader of the Southern Presbyterian Church and an avid supporter of the Confederacy.<ref> In the 1880s Joseph Wilson argued at length that evolution was not in conflict with the Bible; he was thereupon forced out as head of the Presbyterian seminary in South carolina. See Fred Kingsley Elder, ''Woodrow: Apostle of Freedom'' (1996) [http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4642(199711)63%3A4%3C898%3AWAOF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O&cookieSet=1 online review]</ref> Joseph Wilson's father was James Wilson, who immigrated to the United States from northern Ireland in 1807 and was first an editor of the [[Jeffersonian Republican]] newspaper the ''Aurora'' in Philadelphia, and later published newspapers in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Woodrow had no contact with his grandfather or uncles, who were active in antislavery Republican politics in Ohio.

Woodrow grew up in the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction his father was a chaplain for the Confederate army. Woodrow saw the humiliation, economic ruin and shame that the loser of a war experiences and the hatred that grows from this, as well as the rampant corruption during Reconstruction in Columbia, the capital of South Carolina.  

Woodrow grew up in the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction his father was a chaplain for the Confederate army. Woodrow saw the humiliation, economic ruin and shame that the loser of a war experiences and the hatred that grows from this, as well as the rampant corruption during Reconstruction in Columbia, the capital of South Carolina.  

==Education==

==Education==

Woodrow studied at Davidson College in North Carolina in 1873-1874 and at Princeton University from 1875 to 1879. he proved a exceptional student, primarily interested in debate and politics. He was an editor of the<I> Princetonian </I>and during his senior year wrote an essay on cabinet government in the United States, which was later published. The article stressed the  

Woodrow studied at Davidson College in North Carolina in 1873-1874 and at Princeton University from 1875 to 1879. he proved a exceptional student, primarily interested in debate and politics. He was an editor of the<I> Princetonian </I>and during his senior year wrote an essay on cabinet government in the United States, which was later published. The article stressed the  

superior qualities of the British cabinet system and said it ought to be tried in the United States. After graduation in 1879 he studied law at the University of Virginia; he was admitted to the bar and practiced in Atlanta, in 1882. Wilson's interest in scholarship led him in 1883 to enter the new Johns Hopkins University graduate school where he studied government and history, taking a PhD in 1885.<ref> Wilson is the only president to earn a PhD.</ref>. In 1885 he published his influential treatise ''Congressional Government'', analyzing the actual workings of the federal government with striking clarity and thoroughness. Although Wilson had never visited Congress, his emphasis on the centrality of committees in Congress was a major contribution to the study of political science.  

superior qualities of the British cabinet system and said it ought to be tried in the United States. After graduation in 1879 he studied law at the University of Virginia; he was admitted to the bar and practiced in Atlanta, in 1882. Wilson's interest in scholarship led him in 1883 to enter the new Johns Hopkins University graduate school where he studied government and history, taking a PhD in 1885.<ref> Wilson is the only president to earn a PhD.</ref>. In 1885 he published his influential treatise ''Congressional Government'', based on his PhD dissertation. It set a new standard in analyzing the actual workings of the federal government with striking clarity and thoroughness. Although Wilson had never visited Congress, his emphasis on the centrality of committees in Congress was a major contribution to the study of political science.  

==College Professor==

==College Professor==

In 1885 Wilson was appointed instructor in in history at Bryn Mawr College, an elite Quaker school near Philadelphia, as a salary of $1500 a year (which was enough to hire a servant).  In 1888 he moved to Wesleyan University in Connecticut.  His reputation as an outstanding leader in political science brought him a professorship of jurisprudence and political economy at Princeton University in 1890. For the next twelve years he taught  

In 1885 Wilson was appointed instructor in in history at Bryn Mawr College, an elite Quaker school near Philadelphia, as a salary of $1500 a year (which was enough to hire a servant).  In 1888 he moved to Wesleyan University in Connecticut.  His reputation as an outstanding leader in political science brought him a professorship of jurisprudence and political economy at Princeton University in 1890. For the next twelve years he taught  

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==

* Link,Arthur S. ''Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910-1917'' (1954), remains the standard history of his first term.  

* Link,Arthur S. ''Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910-1917'' (1954), remains the standard history of his first term.  

* Pestritto, Ronald J. ed.  ''Woodrow Wilson and the roots of modern liberalism'' (2005) ISBN: 0742515176' argues Wilson subverted the ideas of the Founders by his progressivism  

* Pestritto, Ronald J. ed.  ''Woodrow Wilson and the roots of modern liberalism'' (2005) ISBN: 0742515176' argues Wilson subverted the ideas of the Founders by his progressivism  

==Primary sources==

==Primary sources==