Changes

''' Fernand Braudel''' (1902-1985), was the foremost [[French]] historian of the postwar era, and a leader of the [[Annales School]] which emphasize geographical influences and very-long-term trends over the centuries, and rejected Marxist class conflict models. He organized his scholarship around three great projects, each worth several decades of intense study: "The Mediterranean" (1923-49, then 1949-66), "Civilization and Capitalism" (1955-79), and the unfinished, "Identity of France" (1970-85). His reputation stems in part from his writings, but even more from his success in making the ''Annales'' School the most important engine of historical research in France and much of the world after 1950.

''' Fernand Braudel''' (1902-1985), was the foremost [[French]] historian of the postwar era, and a leader of the [[Annales School]] which emphasize geographical influences and very-long-term trends over the centuries, and rejected Marxist class conflict models. He organized his scholarship around three great projects, each worth several decades of intense study: "The Mediterranean" (1923-49, then 1949-66), "Civilization and Capitalism" (1955-79), and the unfinished, "Identity of France" (1970-85). His reputation stems in part from his writings, but even more from his success in making the ''Annales'' School the most important engine of historical research in France and much of the world after 1950.

==Career==

==Career==

At the age of 20, he became an agrégé in history. While teaching at a secondary school in Algeria, 1923-32, he became fascinated by the Mediterranean Sea and everything about it. From 1932 to 1935 he taught in the Paris lycées of Pasteur, Condorcet, and Henry IV.

At the age of 20, he became an agrégé in history. While teaching at a secondary school in Algeria, 1923-32, he became fascinated by the [[Mediterranean]] Sea and everything about it. From 1932 to 1935 he taught in the [[Paris]] lycées of Pasteur, Condorcet, and Henry IV.

===Brazil===

===Brazil===

By 1900 the French solidified their cultural dominance in Brazil through the establishment of the Brazilian Academy of Fine Arts. Brazil still lacked a university, however, and in 1934 Francophile Julio de Mesquita Filho invited anthropologist [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] and Braudel to help establish one. The result was formation of the new the University of São Paulo.  Braudel later said that the time in Brazil was the "greatest period of his life."<ref> Thomas E. Skidmore, "Levi-Strauss, Braudel and Brazil: a Case of Mutual Influence." ''Bulletin of Latin American Research'' 2003 22(3): 340-349. Issn: 0261-3050 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>  

By 1900 the French solidified their cultural dominance in [[Brazil]] through the establishment of the Brazilian Academy of Fine Arts. Brazil still lacked a university, however, and in 1934 Francophile Julio de Mesquita Filho invited anthropologist [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] and Braudel to help establish one. The result was formation of the new the University of São Paulo.  Braudel later said that the time in Brazil was the "greatest period of his life."<ref> Thomas E. Skidmore, "Levi-Strauss, Braudel and Brazil: a Case of Mutual Influence." ''Bulletin of Latin American Research'' 2003 22(3): 340-349. Issn: 0261-3050 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>

==La Méditerranée==

==La Méditerranée==